Matthew 9:1

Healing and Forgiving a Paralytic

9:1 After getting into a boat he crossed to the other side and came to his own town. ¹ 

Matthew 18:34

18:34 And in anger his lord turned him over to the prison guards to torture him ²  until he repaid all he owed.

Matthew 27:2

27:2 They ³  tied him up, led him away, and handed him over to Pilate ⁴  the governor. ⁵ 

Matthew 27:26

27:26 Then he released Barabbas for them. But after he had Jesus flogged, ⁶  he handed him over ⁷  to be crucified. ⁸ 

¹ sn His own town refers to Capernaum. It was a town of approximately 1000-1500, though of some significance.

² tn Grk “handed him over to the torturers,” referring specifically to guards whose job was to torture prisoners who were being questioned. According to L&N 37.126, it is difficult to know for certain in this instance whether the term actually envisions torture as a part of the punishment or is simply a hyperbole. However, in light of the following verse and Jesus’ other warning statements in Matthew about “fiery hell,” “the outer darkness,” etc., it is best not to dismiss this as mere imagery.

³ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

⁴ tc Most mss (A C W Θ 0250 Ë^1,13 Ï latt) have Ποντίῳ (Pontiw, “Pontius”) before Πιλάτῳ (Pilatw, “Pilate”), but there seems to be no reason for omitting the tribal name, either intentionally or unintentionally. Adding “Pontius,” however, is a natural expansion on the text, and is in keeping with several other NT and patristic references to the Roman governor (cf. Luke 3:1; Acts 4:27; 1 Tim 6:13; Ign. Magn. 11.1; Ign. Trall. 9.1; Ign. Smyrn. 1.2; Justin Martyr, passim). The shorter reading, supported by א B L 0281 33 pc co, is thus strongly preferred.

⁵ sn The Jews most assuredly wanted to put Jesus to death, but they lacked the authority to do so. For this reason they handed him over to Pilate in hopes of securing a death sentence. The Romans kept close control of the death penalty in conquered territories to prevent it from being used to execute Roman sympathizers.

⁴ tn The Greek term φραγελλόω (fragellow) refers to flogging. BDAG 1064 s.v. states, “flog, scourge, a punishment inflicted on slaves and provincials after a sentence of death had been pronounced on them. So in the case of Jesus before the crucifixion…Mt 27:26; Mk 15:15.”

⁵ tn Or “delivered him up.”

⁶ sn See the note on crucified in 20:19.