1:14 Now after John was imprisoned, 4 Jesus went into Galilee and proclaimed the gospel 5 of God. 6 1:15 He 7 said, “The time is fulfilled and the kingdom of God 8 is near. Repent and believe the gospel!”
4:1 Then 9 Jesus, full of the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan River 10 and was led by the Spirit 11 in 12 the wilderness, 13 4:2 where for forty days he endured temptations 14 from the devil. He 15 ate nothing 16 during those days, and when they were completed, 17 he was famished. 4:3 The devil said to him, “If 18 you are the Son of God, command this stone to become bread.” 19 4:4 Jesus answered him, “It is written, ‘Man 20 does not live by bread alone.’” 21
4:5 Then 22 the devil 23 led him up 24 to a high place 25 and showed him in a flash all the kingdoms of the world. 4:6 And he 26 said to him, “To you 27 I will grant this whole realm 28 – and the glory that goes along with it, 29 for it has been relinquished 30 to me, and I can give it to anyone I wish. 4:7 So then, if 31 you will worship 32 me, all this will be 33 yours.” 4:8 Jesus 34 answered him, 35 “It is written, ‘You are to worship 36 the Lord 37 your God and serve only him.’” 38
4:9 Then 39 the devil 40 brought him to Jerusalem, 41 had him stand 42 on the highest point of the temple, 43 and said to him, “If 44 you are the Son of God, throw yourself down from here, 4:10 for it is written, ‘He will command his angels concerning you, to protect you,’ 45 4:11 and ‘with their hands they will lift you up, so that you will not strike your foot against a stone.’” 46 4:12 Jesus 47 answered him, 48 “It is said, ‘You are not to put the Lord your God to the test.’” 49 4:13 So 50 when the devil 51 had completed every temptation, he departed from him until a more opportune time. 52
1 sn The forty days may allude to the experience of Moses (Exod 34:28), Elijah (1 Kgs 19:8, 15), or David and Goliath (1 Sam 17:16).
2 tn Grk “And he.”
3 tn Grk “were serving him,” “were ministering to him.”
4 tn Or “arrested,” “taken into custody” (see L&N 37.12).
5 tc Most witnesses, especially later ones (A D W Ï lat), have τῆς βασιλείας (ths basileias) between τὸ εὐαγγέλιον (to euangelion) and τοῦ θεοῦ (tou qeou): “the gospel of the kingdom of God.” On the one hand, it is perhaps possible that τῆς βασιλείας was omitted to conform the expression to that which is found in the epistles (cf. Rom 1:1; 15:16; 2 Cor 11:7; 1 Thess 2:2, 8, 9; 1 Pet 4:17). On the other hand, this expression, “the gospel of God,” occurs nowhere else in the Gospels, while “the gospel of the kingdom” is a Matthean expression (Matt 4:23; 9:35; 24:14), and “kingdom of God” is pervasive in the synoptic Gospels (occurring over 50 times). Scribes would thus be more prone to add τῆς βασιλείας than to omit it. Further, the external support for the shorter reading (א B L Θ Ë1,13 28* 33 565 579 892 2427 sa) is significantly stronger than that for the longer reading. There is little doubt, therefore, that the shorter reading is authentic.
6 tn The genitive in the phrase τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ θεοῦ (to euangelion tou qeou, “the gospel of God”) could be translated as either a subjective genitive (“the gospel which God brings”) or an objective genitive (“the gospel about God”). Either is grammatically possible. This is possibly an instance of a plenary genitive (see ExSyn 119-21; M. Zerwick, Biblical Greek, §§36-39). If so, an interplay between the two concepts is intended: The gospel which God brings is in fact the gospel about himself.
7 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
8 sn The kingdom of God is a reference to the sovereign activity of God as he rules over his creation and brings his plans to realization.
9 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate continuity with the previous topic.
10 tn “River” is not in the Greek text but is supplied for clarity.
11 sn The double mention of the Spirit in this verse makes it clear that the temptation was neither the fault of Jesus nor an accident.
12 tc Most
13 tn Or “desert.”
14 tn Grk “in the desert, for forty days being tempted.” The participle πειραζόμενος (peirazomeno") has been translated as an adverbial clause in English to avoid a run-on sentence with a second “and.” Here the present participle suggests a period of forty days of testing. Three samples of the end of the testing are given in the following verses.
15 tn Grk “And he.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
16 sn The reference to Jesus eating nothing could well be an idiom meaning that he ate only what the desert provided; see Exod 34:28. A desert fast simply meant eating only what one could obtain in the desert. The parallel in Matt 4:2 speaks only of Jesus fasting.
17 tn The Greek word here is συντελεσθείσων (suntelesqeiswn) from the verb συντελέω (suntelew).
18 tn This is a first class condition: “If (and let’s assume that you are) the Son of God…”
19 tn Grk “say to this stone that it should become bread.”
20 tn Or “a person.” The Greek word ὁ ἄνθρωπος (Jo anqrwpo") is used generically for humanity. The translation “man” is used because the emphasis in Jesus’ response seems to be on his dependence on God as a man.
21 tc Most
22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
23 tn Grk “he.”
24 tc Most
25 tn “A high place” is not in the Greek text but has been supplied for clarity.
26 tn Grk “And the devil.”
27 sn In Greek, this phrase is in an emphatic position. In effect, the devil is tempting Jesus by saying, “Look what you can have!”
28 tn Or “authority.” BDAG 353 s.v. ἐξουσία 6 suggests, concerning this passage, that the term means “the sphere in which the power is exercised, domain.” Cf. also Luke 22:53; 23:7; Acts 26:18; Eph 2:2.
29 tn The addendum referring to the glory of the kingdoms of the world forms something of an afterthought, as the following pronoun (“it”) makes clear, for the singular refers to the realm itself.
30 tn For the translation of παραδέδοται (paradedotai) see L&N 57.77. The devil is erroneously implying that God has given him such authority with the additional capability of sharing the honor.
31 tn This is a third class condition: “If you worship me (and I am not saying whether you will or will not)…”
32 tn Or “will prostrate yourself in worship before…” The verb προσκυνέω (proskunew) can allude not only to the act of worship but the position of the worshiper. See L&N 53.56.
33 tn One could translate this phrase “it will all be yours.” The sense is the same, but the translation given is a touch more emphatic and more likely to catch the force of the offer.
34 tn Grk “And Jesus.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
35 tc Most
36 tn Or “You will prostrate yourself in worship before…” The verb προσκυνέω (proskunew) can allude not only to the act of worship but the position of the worshiper. See L&N 53.56.
37 tc Most later
38 sn A quotation from Deut 6:13. The word “only” is an interpretive expansion not found in either the Hebrew or Greek (LXX) text of the OT.
39 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
40 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the devil) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
41 map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.
42 tn Grk “and stood him.”
43 sn The reference to the highest point of the temple probably refers to the one point on the temple’s southeast corner where the site looms directly over a cliff some 450 feet (135 m) high. However, some have suggested the reference could be to the temple’s high gate.
44 tn This is another first class condition, as in v. 3.
45 sn A quotation from Ps 91:11 by the devil. This was not so much an incorrect citation as a use in a wrong context (a misapplication of the passage).
46 sn A quotation from Ps 91:12.
47 tn Grk “And Jesus.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
48 tn Grk “Jesus, answering, said to him.” This is redundant in English and has been simplified to “Jesus answered him.”
49 sn A quotation from Deut 6:16 used by Jesus in reply to the devil. The point is that God’s faithfulness should not be put to the test, but is rather a given.
50 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate a summary.
51 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the devil) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
52 tn Grk “until a favorable time.”
53 tn Grk “For as many as are being led by the Spirit of God, these are.”