24:44 Then 13 he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me 14 in the law of Moses and the prophets and the psalms 15 must be fulfilled.” 24:45 Then he opened their minds so they could understand the scriptures, 16
19:28 After this Jesus, realizing that by this time 17 everything was completed, 18 said (in order to fulfill the scripture), 19 “I am thirsty!” 20 19:29 A jar full of sour wine 21 was there, so they put a sponge soaked in sour wine on a branch of hyssop 22 and lifted it 23 to his mouth. 19:30 When 24 he had received the sour wine, Jesus said, “It is completed!” 25 Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit. 26
1 tn The word “appeared” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
2 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the disciples’ inability to believe in Jesus’ resurrection.
3 tn Grk “O,” an interjection used both in address and emotion (BDAG 1101 s.v. 1).
4 tn The word “people” is not in the Greek text, but is supplied to complete the interjection.
5 sn The rebuke is for failure to believe the promise of scripture, a theme that will appear in vv. 43-47 as well.
6 tn On the syntax of this infinitival construction, see BDAG 364-65 s.v. ἐπί 6.b.
7 tn This Greek particle (οὐχί, ouci) expects a positive reply.
8 sn The statement Wasn’t it necessary is a reference to the design of God’s plan (see Luke 24:7). Suffering must precede glory (see Luke 17:25).
9 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
11 sn The reference to Moses and all the prophets is a way to say the promise of Messiah runs throughout OT scripture from first to last.
12 tn Or “regarding,” “concerning.” “Written” is implied by the mention of the scriptures in context; “said” could also be used here, referring to the original utterances, but by now these things had been committed to writing.
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
14 sn Everything written about me. The divine plan, events, and scripture itself are seen here as being one.
15 sn For a similar threefold division of the OT scriptures, see the prologue to Sirach, lines 8-10, and from Qumran, the epilogue to 4QMMT, line 10.
16 sn Luke does not mention specific texts here, but it is likely that many of the scriptures he mentioned elsewhere in Luke-Acts would have been among those he had in mind.
17 tn Or “that already.”
18 tn Or “finished,” “accomplished”; Grk “fulfilled.”
19 sn A reference to Ps 69:21 or Ps 22:15.
20 sn In order to fulfill (τελειωθῇ [teleiwqh], a wordplay on the previous statement that everything was completed [τετέλεσται, tetelestai]) the scripture, he said, “I am thirsty.” The scripture referred to is probably Ps 69:21, “They also gave me gall for my food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.” Also suggested, however, is Ps 22:15, “My tongue cleaves to the roof of my mouth, and you [God] lay me in the dust of death.” Ps 22:1 reads “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?,” a statement Jesus makes from the cross in both Matt 27:46 and Mark 15:34. In light of the connection in the Fourth Gospel between thirst and the living water which Jesus offers, it is highly ironic that here Jesus himself, the source of that living water, expresses his thirst. And since 7:39 associates the living water with the Holy Spirit, Jesus’ statement here in 19:28 amounts to an admission that at this point he has been forsaken by God (cf. Ps 22:1, Matt 27:46, and Mark 15:34).
21 sn The cheap sour wine was called in Latin posca, and referred to a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion.
22 sn Hyssop was a small aromatic bush; exact identification of the plant is uncertain. The hyssop used to lift the wet sponge may have been a form of reed (κάλαμος, kalamo", “reed,” is used in Matt 27:48 and Mark 15:36); the biblical name can refer to several different species of plant (at least eighteen different plants have been suggested).
23 tn Or “and brought it.”
24 tn Grk “Then when.” Here οὖν (oun) has not been translated for stylistic reasons.
25 tn Or “It is accomplished,” “It is finished,” or “It is ended.” See tn on John 13:1.
26 tn Or “he bowed his head and died”; Grk “he bowed his head and gave over the spirit.”