Matthew 27:37

27:37 Above ¹  his head they put the charge against him, ²  which read: ³  “This is Jesus, the king of the Jews.”

Acts 24:5-9

24:5 For we have found ⁴  this man to be a troublemaker, ⁵  one who stirs up riots ⁶  among all the Jews throughout the world, and a ringleader ⁷  of the sect of the Nazarenes. ⁸  24:6 He ⁹  even tried to desecrate ¹⁰  the temple, so we arrested ¹¹  him. 24:7 [[EMPTY]] ¹²  24:8 When you examine ¹³  him yourself, you will be able to learn from him ¹⁴  about all these things we are accusing him of doing.” ¹⁵  24:9 The Jews also joined in the verbal attack, ¹⁶  claiming ¹⁷  that these things were true.

Acts 24:13

24:13 nor can they prove ¹⁸  to you the things ¹⁹  they are accusing me of doing. ²⁰ 

Acts 25:7

25:7 When he arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, ²¹  bringing many serious ²²  charges that they were not able to prove. ²³ 

Revelation 12:10

12:10 Then ²⁴  I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,

“The salvation and the power

and the kingdom of our God,

and the ruling authority ²⁵  of his Christ, ²⁶  have now come,

because the accuser of our brothers and sisters, ²⁷ 

the one who accuses them day and night ²⁸  before our God,

has been thrown down.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

² sn Mention of the inscription is an important detail, because the inscription would normally give the reason for the execution. It shows that Jesus was executed for claiming to be a king. It was also probably written with irony from the executioners’ point of view.

³ tn Grk “was written.”

⁴ tn Grk “For having found.” The participle εὑρόντες (Jeurontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

⁵ tn L&N 22.6 has “(a figurative extension of meaning of λοιμός ‘plague,’ 23.158) one who causes all sorts of trouble – ‘troublemaker, pest.’ … ‘for we have found this man to be a troublemaker” Ac 24:5.”

⁶ tn Or “dissensions.” While BDAG 940 s.v. στάσις 3 translates this phrase “κινεῖν στάσεις (v.l. στάσιν) τισί create dissension among certain people Ac 24:5,” it is better on the basis of the actual results of Paul’s ministry to categorize this usage under section 2, “uprising, riot, revolt, rebellion” (cf. the use in Acts 19:40).

⁷ tn This term is yet another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 894 s.v. πρωτοστάτης).

⁸ sn The sect of the Nazarenes is a designation for followers of Jesus the Nazarene, that is, Christians.

⁹ tn Grk “who.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“who”) was replaced by the third person singular pronoun (“he”) and a new sentence begun here in the translation.

¹⁰ tn Or “profane” (BDAG 173 s.v. βεβηλόω). The term was also used of profaning the Sabbath.

¹¹ tn Or “seized.” Grk “whom also we arrested.” Because of the awkwardness of a relative clause in English at this point, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the pronoun “him” as object of the verb.

¹² tc Some later mss include some material at the end of v. 6, all of 24:7, and some material at the beginning of v. 8: “and we wanted to judge him according to our law. 24:7 But Lysias the commanding officer came and took him out of our hands with a great deal of violence, 24:8 ordering those who accused him to come before you.” Acts 24:6b, 7, and 8a are lacking in Ì⁷⁴ א A B H L P 049 81 1175 1241 pm and a few versional witnesses. They are included (with a few minor variations) in E Ψ 33 323 614 945 1505 1739 pm and a few versional witnesses. This verse (and parts of verses) is most likely not a part of the original text of Acts, for not only is it lacking from the better witnesses, there is no easy explanation as to how such could be missing from them. The present translation follows NA²⁷ in omitting the verse number, a procedure also followed by a number of other modern translations.

¹³ tn Or “question.”

¹⁴ tn Grk “From whom when you examine him yourself, you will be able to learn…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) was replaced by the third person singular pronoun (“him”) and a new sentence begun at the beginning of v. 8 in the translation.

¹⁵ tn Grk “about all these things of which we are accusing him.” This has been simplified to eliminate the relative pronoun (“of which”) in the translation.

¹⁶ tn Grk “joined in the attack,” but the adjective “verbal” has been supplied to clarify that this was not another physical assault on Paul. The verb is another NT hapax legomenon (BDAG 969 s.v. συνεπιτίθημι).

¹⁷ tn Or “asserting” (BDAG 1050 s.v. φάσκω).

¹⁸ tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 1.f has “οὐδὲ παραστῆσαι δύνανταί σοι περὶ ὧν νυνὶ κατηγοροῦσίν μου nor can they prove to you the accusations they are now making against me Ac 24:13.”

¹⁹ tn The words “the things” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.

²⁰ tn Grk “nor can they prove to you [the things] about which they are now accusing me.” This has been simplified to eliminate the relative pronoun (“which”) in the translation.

²¹ tn BDAG 801 s.v. περιίστημι 1.a has “περιέστησαν αὐτὸν οἱ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι the Judeans stood around him 25:7.”

²² tn Grk “many and serious.” The term βαρύς (barus) refers to weighty or serious charges (BDAG 167 s.v. 1).

²³ tn The term ἀποδείκνυμι (apodeiknumi) in a legal context refers to legal proof (4 Macc 1:8; BDAG 108 s.v. 3).

²⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

²⁵ tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.

²⁶ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

²⁷ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.

²⁸ tn Or “who accuses them continually.”