Matthew 5:34

5:34 But I say to you, do not take oaths at all – not by heaven, because it is the throne of God,

Matthew 21:20

21:20 When the disciples saw it they were amazed, saying, “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?”

Luke 15:18

15:18 I will get up and go to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned ¹  against heaven ²  and against ³  you.

Luke 15:21

15:21 Then ⁴  his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven ⁵  and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’ ⁶ 

¹ sn In the confession “I have sinned” there is a recognition of wrong that pictures the penitent coming home and “being found.”

² sn The phrase against heaven is a circumlocution for God.

³ tn According to BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνωπιον 4.a, “in relation to ἁμαρτάνειν ἐ. τινος sin against someone Lk 15:18, 21 (cf. Jdth 5:17; 1 Km 7:6; 20:1).”

⁴ tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.

⁵ sn The phrase against heaven is a circumlocution for God. 1st century Judaism tended to minimize use of the divine name out of reverence.

⁶ sn The younger son launches into his confession just as he had planned. See vv. 18-19.