3:9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin,
2:11 Therefore remember that formerly you, the Gentiles in the flesh – who are called “uncircumcision” by the so-called “circumcision” that is performed on the body 6 by human hands – 2:12 that you were at that time without the Messiah, 7 alienated from the citizenship of Israel and strangers to the covenants of promise, 8 having no hope and without God in the world.
1 sn See the note on Pharisees in 3:7.
2 sn The issue here is inappropriate associations. Jews were very careful about personal associations and contact as a matter of ritual cleanliness. Their question borders on an accusation that Jesus is ritually unclean.
3 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
4 tn Or “lap dogs, house dogs,” as opposed to dogs on the street. The diminutive form originally referred to puppies or little dogs, then to house pets. In some Hellenistic uses κυνάριον (kunarion) simply means “dog.”
5 tn Grk “And.” Since this represents a response to Paul’s reply in v. 19, καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the logical sequence.
6 tn Grk “in the flesh.”
7 tn Or “without Christ.” Both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.” Because the context refers to ancient Israel’s messianic expectation, “Messiah” was employed in the translation at this point rather than “Christ.”
8 tn Or “covenants of the promise.”