Numbers 21:21

The Victory over Sihon and Og

21:21 ¹ Then Israel sent messengers to King Sihon of the Amorites, saying, ² 

Numbers 21:23

21:23 But Sihon did not permit Israel to pass through his border; he ³  gathered all his forces ⁴  together and went out against Israel into the wilderness. When ⁵  he came to Jahaz, he fought against Israel.

Deuteronomy 2:30-36

2:30 But King Sihon of Heshbon was unwilling to allow us to pass near him because the Lord our ⁶  God had made him obstinate ⁷  and stubborn ⁸  so that he might deliver him over to you ⁹  this very day. 2:31 The Lord said to me, “Look! I have already begun to give over Sihon and his land to you. Start right now to take his land as your possession.” 2:32 When Sihon and all his troops ¹⁰  emerged to encounter us in battle at Jahaz, ¹¹  2:33 the Lord our God delivered him over to us and we struck him down, along with his sons ¹²  and everyone else. ¹³  2:34 At that time we seized all his cities and put every one of them ¹⁴  under divine judgment, ¹⁵  including even the women and children; we left no survivors. 2:35 We kept only the livestock and plunder from the cities for ourselves. 2:36 From Aroer, ¹⁶  which is at the edge of Wadi Arnon (it is the city in the wadi), ¹⁷  all the way to Gilead there was not a town able to resist us – the Lord our God gave them all to us.

Deuteronomy 29:7

29:7 When you came to this place King Sihon of Heshbon and King Og of Bashan came out to make war and we defeated them.

¹ sn For this section, see further J. R. Bartlett, “Sihon and Og of the Amorites,” VT 20 (1970): 257-77, and “The Moabites and the Edomites,” Peoples of Old Testament Times, 229-58; S. H. Horn, “The Excavations at Tell Hesban, 1973,” ADAJ 18 (1973): 87-88.

² tc Smr and the LXX have “words of peace.”

³ tn Heb “Sihon.”

⁴ tn Heb “people.”

⁵ tn The clause begins with a preterite with vav (ו) consecutive, but may be subordinated to the next preterite as a temporal clause.

⁶ tc The translation follows the LXX in reading the first person pronoun. The MT, followed by many English versions, has a second person masculine singular pronoun, “your.”

⁷ tn Heb “hardened his spirit” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV); NIV “made his spirit stubborn.”

⁸ tn Heb “made his heart obstinate” (so KJV, NASB); NRSV “made his heart defiant.”

⁹ tn Heb “into your hand.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “people.”

¹¹ sn Jahaz. This is probably Khirbet el-Medeiyineh. See J. Dearman, “The Levitical Cities of Reuben and Moabite Toponymy,” BASOR 276 (1984): 55-57.

¹² tc The translation follows the Qere or marginal reading; the Kethib (consonantal text) has the singular, “his son.”

¹³ tn Heb “all his people.”

¹⁴ tn Heb “every city of men.” This apparently identifies the cities as inhabited.

¹⁵ tn Heb “under the ban” (נַחֲרֵם, nakharem). The verb employed is חָרַם (kharam, usually in the Hiphil) and the associated noun is חֵרֶם (kherem). See J. Naudé, NIDOTTE, 2:276-77, and, for a more thorough discussion, Susan Niditch, War in the Hebrew Bible, 28-77.

¹⁶ sn Aroer. Now known as àAraáir on the northern edge of the Arnon river, Aroer marked the southern limit of Moab and, later, of the allotment of the tribe of Reuben (Josh 13:9, 16).

¹⁷ tn Heb “the city in the wadi.” This enigmatic reference may refer to Ar or, more likely, to Aroer itself. Epexegetically the text might read, “From Aroer…, that is, the city in the wadi.” See D. L. Christensen, Deuteronomy 1–11 (WBC), 49.