Numbers 3:13

3:13 because all the firstborn are mine. When I destroyed ¹  all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I set apart for myself all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast. They belong to me. I am the Lord.” ² 

Numbers 8:17

8:17 For all the firstborn males among the Israelites are mine, both humans and animals; when I destroyed ³  all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I set them apart for myself.

Numbers 33:4

33:4 Now the Egyptians were burying all their firstborn, whom the Lord had killed among them; the Lord also executed judgments on their gods.

Psalms 78:51

78:51 He struck down all the firstborn in Egypt,

the firstfruits of their reproductive power ⁴  in the tents of Ham.

Psalms 105:36

105:36 He struck down all the firstborn in their land,

the firstfruits of their reproductive power. ⁵ 

Psalms 135:8

135:8 He struck down the firstborn of Egypt,

including both men and animals.

Psalms 136:10

136:10 to the one who struck down the firstborn of Egypt,

for his loyal love endures,

Hebrews 11:28

11:28 By faith he kept the Passover and the sprinkling of the blood, ⁶  so that the one who destroyed the firstborn would not touch them.

Hebrews 12:23

12:23 and congregation of the firstborn, who are enrolled in heaven, and to God, the judge of all, and to the spirits of the righteous, who have been made perfect,

¹ tn The form הַכֹּתִי (hakkoti) is the Hiphil infinitive construct of the verb נָכָה (nakhah, “to strike, smite, attack”). Here, after the idiomatic “in the day of,” the form functions in an adverbial clause of time – “when I destroyed.”

² sn In the Exodus event of the Passover night the principle of substitution was presented. The firstborn child was redeemed by the blood of the Lamb and so belonged to God, but then God chose the Levites to serve in the place of the firstborn. The ritual of consecrating the firstborn son to the Lord was nevertheless carried out, even with Jesus, the firstborn son of Mary (Luke 2:22-23).

³ tn The idiomatic “on the day of” precedes the infinitive construct of נָכָה (nakhah) to form the temporal clause: “in the day of my striking…” becomes “when I struck.”

⁴ tn Heb “the beginning of strength.” If retained, the plural form אוֹנִים (’onim, “strength”) probably indicates degree (“great strength”), but many ancient witnesses read “their strength,” which presupposes an emendation to אֹנָם (’onam; singular form of the noun with third masculine plural pronominal suffix).

⁵ tn Heb “the beginning of all their strength,” that is, reproductive power (see Ps 78:51).

⁶ tn Grk “the pouring out of the blood.”