Numbers 21:20

21:20 and from Bamoth to the valley that is in the country of Moab, near the top of Pisgah, which overlooks the wilderness. ¹ 

Numbers 19:16

19:16 And whoever touches the body of someone killed with a sword in the open fields, ²  or the body of someone who died of natural causes, ³  or a human bone, or a grave, will be unclean seven days. ⁴ 

Numbers 21:22

21:22 “Let us ⁵  pass through your land; ⁶  we will not turn aside into the fields or into the vineyards, nor will we drink water from any well, but we will go along the King’s Highway until we pass your borders.”

Numbers 23:14

23:14 So Balak brought Balaam ⁷  to the field of Zophim, to the top of Pisgah, ⁸  where ⁹  he built seven altars and offered a bull and a ram on each altar.

Numbers 16:14

16:14 Moreover, ¹⁰  you have not brought us into a land that flows with milk and honey, nor given us an inheritance of fields and vineyards. Do you think you can blind ¹¹  these men? We will not come up.”

Numbers 20:17

20:17 Please let us pass through ¹²  your country. We will not pass through the fields or through the vineyards, nor will we drink water from any well. We will go by the King’s Highway; ¹³  we will not turn to the right or the left until we have passed through your region.’” ¹⁴ 

Numbers 22:4

22:4 So the Moabites said to the elders of Midian, “Now this mass of people ¹⁵  will lick up everything around us, as the bull devours the grass of the field. Now Balak son of Zippor was king of the Moabites at this time.

Numbers 22:23

22:23 And the donkey saw the angel of the Lord standing in the road with ¹⁶  his sword drawn in his hand, so the donkey turned aside from the road and went into the field. But Balaam beat the donkey, to make her turn back to the road.

¹ tn Or perhaps as a place name, “Jeshimon.”

² tn The expression for “in the open field” is literally “upon the face of the field” (עַל־פְּנֵי הַשָּׂדֶה, ’al pÿne hassadeh). This ruling is in contrast now to what was contacted in the tent.

³ tn Heb “a dead body”; but in contrast to the person killed with a sword, this must refer to someone who died of natural causes.

⁴ sn See Matt 23:27 and Acts 23:3 for application of this by the time of Jesus.

³ tn The Hebrew text uses the singular in these verses to match the reference to “Israel.”

⁴ tc Smr has “by the King’s way I will go. I will not turn aside to the right or the left.”

⁴ tn Heb “he brought him”; the referents (Balak and Balaam) have been specified in the translation for clarity.

⁵ tn Some scholars do not translate this word as “Pisgah,” but rather as a “lookout post” or an “elevated place.”

⁶ tn Heb “and he built.”

⁵ tn Here אַף (’af) has the sense of “in addition.” It is not a common use.

⁶ tn Heb “will you bore out the eyes of these men?” The question is “Will you continue to mislead them?” (or “hoodwink” them). In Deut 16:19 it is used for taking a bribe; something like that kind of deception is intended here. They are simply stating that Moses is a deceiver who is misleading the people with false promises.

⁶ tn The request is expressed by the use of the cohortative, “let us pass through.” It is the proper way to seek permission.

⁷ sn This a main highway running from Damascus in the north to the Gulf of Aqaba, along the ridge of the land. Some scholars suggest that the name may have been given by the later Assyrians (see B. Obed, “Observations on Methods of Assyrian Rule in Transjordan after the Palestinian Campaign of Tiglathpileser III,” JNES 29 [1970]: 177-86). Bronze Age fortresses have been discovered along this highway, attesting to its existence in the time of Moses. The original name came from the king who developed the highway, probably as a trading road (see S. Cohen, IDB 3:35-36).

⁸ tn Heb “borders.”

⁷ tn The word is simply “company,” but in the context he must mean a vast company – a horde of people.

⁸ tn The word has the conjunction “and” on the noun, indicating this is a disjunctive vav (ו), here serving as a circumstantial clause.