3:2 Beware of the dogs, 1 beware of the evil workers, beware of those who mutilate the flesh! 2
1:10 For there are many 3 rebellious people, idle talkers, and deceivers, especially those with Jewish connections, 4 1:11 who must be silenced because they mislead whole families by teaching for dishonest gain what ought not to be taught.
1 sn Dogs is a figurative reference to false teachers whom Paul regards as just as filthy as dogs.
2 tn Grk “beware of the mutilation.”
3 tc ‡ The earliest and best
4 tn Grk “those of the circumcision.” Some translations take this to refer to Jewish converts to Christianity (cf. NAB “Jewish Christians”; TEV “converts from Judaism”; CEV “Jewish followers”) while others are less clear (cf. NLT “those who insist on circumcision for salvation”).