31:26 She opens her mouth 1 with wisdom,
and loving instruction 2 is on her tongue.
31:27 She watches over 3 the ways of her household,
and does not eat the bread of idleness. 4
31:28 Her children rise up 5 and call her blessed,
her husband 6 also praises her:
31:29 “Many 7 daughters 8 have done valiantly, 9
but you surpass them all!”
31:30 Charm is deceitful 10 and beauty is fleeting, 11
but a woman who fears the Lord 12 will be praised.
31:31 Give 13 her credit for what she has accomplished, 14
and let her works praise her 15 in the city gates. 16
1 tn The first word of the seventeenth line begins with פּ (pe), the seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
2 tn The Hebrew phrase תּוֹרַת־חֶסֶד (torat-khesed) is open to different interpretations. (1) The word “law” could here refer to “teaching” as it does frequently in the book of Proverbs, and the word “love,” which means “loyal, covenant love,” could have the emphasis on faithfulness, yielding the idea of “faithful teaching” to parallel “wisdom” (cf. NIV). (2) The word “love” should probably have more of the emphasis on its basic meaning of “loyal love, lovingkindness.” It also would be an attributive genitive, but its force would be that of “loving instruction” or “teaching with kindness.”
3 tn The first word of the eighteenth line begins with צ (tsade), the eighteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
4 sn The expression bread of idleness refers to food that is gained through idleness, perhaps given or provided for her. In the description of the passage one could conclude that this woman did not have to do everything she did; and this line affirms that even though she is well off, she will eat the bread of her industrious activity.
5 tn The first word of the nineteenth line begins with ק (qof), the nineteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
6 tn The text uses an independent nominative absolute to draw attention to her husband: “her husband, and he praises her.” Prominent as he is, her husband speaks in glowing terms of his noble wife.
7 tn The first word of the twentieth line begins with ר (resh), the twentieth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
8 tn Or “women” (NAB, NIV, NRSV, NLT).
9 tn The word is the same as in v. 10, “noble, valiant.”
10 tn The first word of the twenty-first line begins with שׁ (shin), the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The graphic distinction between שׁ (shin) and שׂ (sin) had not been made at the time the book of Proverbs was written; that graphic distinction was introduced by the Masoretes, ca.
11 sn The verse shows that “charm” and “beauty” do not endure as do those qualities that the fear of the
12 sn This chapter describes the wise woman as fearing the
13 tn The first word of the twenty-second line begins with ת (tav), the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
14 tn Heb “Give her from the fruit of her hands.” The expression “the fruit of her hands” employs two figures. The word “fruit” is a figure known as hypocatastasis, an implied comparison, meaning “what she produces.” The word “hand” is a metonymy of cause, meaning her efforts to produce things. So the line is saying essentially “give her her due.” This would either mean give her credit for what she has done (the option followed by the present translation; cf. TEV) or reward her for what she has done (cf. NAB, NIV, NLT).
15 sn Psalm 111 began with the imperative יָה הָלְלוּ (halÿlu yah, “praise the
16 tn “Gates” is a metonymy of subject. It refers to the people and the activity that occurs in the gates – business dealings, legal transactions, and social meetings. The term “city” is supplied in the translation for clarity. One is reminded of the acclaim given to Ruth by Boaz: “for all the gate of my people knows that you are a noble woman [אֵשֶׁת חַיִל, ’eshet khayil]” (Ruth 3:11).