44:22 Yet because of you 1 we are killed all day long;
we are treated like 2 sheep at the slaughtering block. 3
8:1 There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus. 5
6:9 Now 9 when the Lamb opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been violently killed 10 because of the word of God and because of the testimony they had given. 6:10 They 11 cried out with a loud voice, 12 “How long, 13 Sovereign Master, 14 holy and true, before you judge those who live on the earth and avenge our blood?” 6:11 Each 15 of them was given a long white robe and they were told to rest for a little longer, until the full number was reached 16 of both their fellow servants 17 and their brothers who were going to be killed just as they had been.
1 tn The statement “because of you” (1) may simply indicate that God is the cause of the Israelites’ defeat (see vv. 9-14, where the nation’s situation is attributed directly to God’s activity, and cf. NEB, NRSV), or (2) it may suggest they suffer because of their allegiance to God (see Ps 69:7 and Jer 15:15). In this case one should translate, “for your sake” (cf. NASB, NIV). The citation of this verse in Rom 8:36 follows the LXX (Ps 43:23 LXX), where the Greek term ἕνεκεν (Jeneken; LXX ἕνεκα) may likewise mean “because of” or “for the sake of” (BDAG 334 s.v. ἕνεκα 1).
2 tn Or “regarded as.”
3 tn Heb “like sheep of slaughtering,” that is, sheep destined for slaughter.
4 sn A quotation from Ps 44:22.
5 tc The earliest and best witnesses of the Alexandrian and Western texts, as well as a few others (א* B D* F G 6 1506 1739 1881 pc co), have no additional words for v. 1. Later scribes (A D1 Ψ 81 365 629 pc vg) added the words μὴ κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦσιν (mh kata sarka peripatousin, “who do not walk according to the flesh”), while even later ones (א2 D2 33vid Ï) added ἀλλὰ κατὰ πνεῦμα (alla kata pneuma, “but [who do walk] according to the Spirit”). Both the external evidence and the internal evidence are compelling for the shortest reading. The scribes were evidently motivated to add such qualifications (interpolated from v. 4) to insulate Paul’s gospel from charges that it was characterized too much by grace. The KJV follows the longest reading found in Ï.
6 tn Grk “having now been declared righteous.” The participle δικαιωθέντες (dikaiwqente") has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.
7 tn Or, according to BDF §219.3, “at the price of his blood.”
8 tn Grk “the wrath,” referring to God’s wrath as v. 10 shows.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of a new and somewhat different topic after the introduction of the four riders.
10 tn Or “murdered.” See the note on the word “butcher” in 6:4.
11 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
12 tn Grk “voice, saying”; the participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated here.
13 tn The expression ἕως πότε (ews pote) was translated “how long.” Cf. BDAG 423 s.v. ἕως 1.b.γ.
14 tn The Greek term here is δεσπότης (despoths; see L&N 37.63).
15 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
16 tn Grk “until they had been completed.” The idea of a certain “number” of people is implied by the subject of πληρωθῶσιν (plhrwqwsin).
17 tn Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) has been translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.