78:45 He sent swarms of biting insects against them, 1
as well as frogs that overran their land. 2
105:31 He ordered flies to come; 3
gnats invaded their whole territory.
7:18 At that time 4 the Lord will whistle for flies from the distant streams of Egypt and for bees from the land of Assyria. 5
1 tn Heb “and he sent an insect swarm against them and it devoured them.”
2 tn Heb “and a swarm of frogs and it destroyed them.”
3 tn Heb “he spoke and flies came.”
4 tn Heb “in that day” (so KJV). The verb that introduces this verse serves as a discourse particle and is untranslated; see note on “in the future” in 2:2.
5 sn Swarming flies are irritating; bees are irritating and especially dangerous because of the pain they inflict with their sting (see Deut 1:44; Ps 118:12). The metaphors are well chosen, for the Assyrians (symbolized by the bees) were much more powerful and dangerous than the Egyptians (symbolized by the flies). Nevertheless both would put pressure on Judah, for Egypt wanted Judah as a buffer state against Assyrian aggression, while Assyrian wanted it as a base for operations against Egypt. Following the reference to sour milk and honey, the metaphor is especially apt, for flies are attracted to dairy products and bees can be found in the vicinity of honey.