Psalms 18:38-42

18:38 I beat them to death;

they fall at my feet.

18:39 You give me strength for battle;

you make my foes kneel before me.

18:40 You make my enemies retreat;

I destroy those who hate me.

18:41 They cry out, but there is no one to help them;

they cry out to the Lord, but he does not answer them.

18:42 I grind them as fine windblown dust; 10 

I beat them underfoot 11  like clay 12  in the streets.


tn Or “smash them.” 2 Sam 22:39 reads, “and I wiped them out and smashed them.”

tn Heb “until they are unable to rise.” 2 Sam 22:39 reads, “until they do not rise.”

sn They fall at my feet. For ancient Near Eastern parallels, see O. Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World, 294-97.

tn Heb “clothed me.” See v. 32.

tn Heb “you make those who rise against me kneel beneath me.”

tn Heb “and [as for] my enemies, you give to me [the] back [or “neck”].” The idiom “give [the] back” means “to cause [one] to turn the back and run away.” Cf. Exod 23:27.

sn Those who hate me. See v. 17, where it is the Lord who delivered the psalmist from those who hated him.

tn Heb “but there is no deliverer.”

tn Heb “to the Lord.” The words “they cry out” are supplied in the translation because they are understood by ellipsis (see the preceding line).

10 tn Heb “I pulverize them like dust upon the face of the wind.” The phrase “upon the face of” here means “before.” 2 Sam 22:43 reads, “like dust of the earth.”

11 tc Ps 18:42 reads, “I empty them out” (Hiphil of ריק), while 2 Sam 22:43 reads, “I crush them, I stomp on them” (juxtaposing the synonyms דקק and רקע). It is likely that the latter is a conflation of variants. One, but not both, of the verbs in 2 Sam 22:43 is probably original; “empty out” does not form as good a parallel with “grind, pulverize” in the parallel line.

12 tn Or “mud.”