18:42 I grind them as fine windblown dust; 1
I beat them underfoot 2 like clay 3 in the streets.
89:23 I will crush his enemies before him;
I will strike down those who hate him.
78:66 He drove his enemies back;
he made them a permanent target for insults. 4
89:32 I will punish their rebellion by beating them with a club, 5
their sin by inflicting them with bruises. 6
38:10 My heart beats quickly;
my strength leaves me;
I can hardly see. 7
55:4 My heart beats violently 8 within me;
the horrors of death overcome me. 9
81:2 Sing 10 a song and play the tambourine,
the pleasant sounding harp, and the ten-stringed instrument!
109:22 For I am oppressed and needy,
and my heart beats violently within me. 11
18:38 I beat them 12 to death; 13
they fall at my feet. 14
68:25 Singers walk in front;
musicians follow playing their stringed instruments, 15
in the midst of young women playing tambourines. 16
52:5 Yet 17 God will make you a permanent heap of ruins. 18
He will scoop you up 19 and remove you from your home; 20
he will uproot you from the land of the living. (Selah)
1 tn Heb “I pulverize them like dust upon the face of the wind.” The phrase “upon the face of” here means “before.” 2 Sam 22:43 reads, “like dust of the earth.”
2 tc Ps 18:42 reads, “I empty them out” (Hiphil of ריק), while 2 Sam 22:43 reads, “I crush them, I stomp on them” (juxtaposing the synonyms דקק and רקע). It is likely that the latter is a conflation of variants. One, but not both, of the verbs in 2 Sam 22:43 is probably original; “empty out” does not form as good a parallel with “grind, pulverize” in the parallel line.
3 tn Or “mud.”
4 tn Heb “a permanent reproach he made them.”
7 tn Heb “I will punish with a club their rebellion.”
8 tn Heb “with blows their sin.”
10 tn Heb “and the light of my eyes, even they, there is not with me.” The “light of the eyes” may refer to physical energy (see 1 Sam 14:27, 29), life itself (Ps 13:3), or the ability to see (Prov 29:23).
13 tn Heb “shakes, trembles.”
14 tn Heb “the terrors of death have fallen on me.”
16 tn Heb “lift up.”
19 tc The verb in the Hebrew text (חָלַל, khalal) appears to be a Qal form from the root חלל meaning “pierced; wounded.” However, the Qal of this root is otherwise unattested. The translation assumes an emendation to יָחִיל (yakhil), a Qal imperfect from חוּל (khul, “tremble”) or to חֹלַל (kholal), a polal perfect from חוּל (khul). See Ps 55:4, which reads לִבִּי יָחִיל בְּקִרְבִּי (libbiy yakhil bÿqirbbiy, “my heart trembles [i.e., “beats violently”] within me”).
22 tn Or “smash them.” 2 Sam 22:39 reads, “and I wiped them out and smashed them.”
23 tn Heb “until they are unable to rise.” 2 Sam 22:39 reads, “until they do not rise.”
24 sn They fall at my feet. For ancient Near Eastern parallels, see O. Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World, 294-97.
25 tn Heb “after [are] the stringed instrument players.”
26 sn To celebrate a military victory, women would play tambourines (see Exod 15:20; Judg 11:34; 1 Sam 18:6).
28 tn The adverb גַּם (gam, “also; even”) is translated here in an adversative sense (“yet”). It highlights the contrastive correspondence between the evildoer’s behavior and God’s response.
29 tn Heb “will tear you down forever.”
30 tn This rare verb (חָתָה, khatah) occurs only here and in Prov 6:27; 25:22; Isa 30:14.
31 tn Heb “from [your] tent.”