37:12 Evil men plot against the godly 1
and viciously attack them. 2
16:10 Then 3 the fifth angel 4 poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast so that 5 darkness covered his kingdom, 6 and people 7 began to bite 8 their tongues because 9 of their pain. 16:11 They blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sufferings 10 and because of their sores, 11 but nevertheless 12 they still refused to repent 13 of their deeds.
1 tn Or “innocent.” The singular is used here in a representative sense; the typical evildoer and the typical godly individual are in view.
2 tn Heb “and gnashes at him with his teeth” (see Ps 35:16). The language may picture the evil men as wild animals. The active participles in v. 12 are used for purposes of dramatic description.
3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
4 tn Grk “the fifth”; the referent (the fifth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” to indicate the implied result of the fifth bowl being poured out.
6 tn Grk “his kingdom became dark.”
7 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
8 tn On this term BDAG 620 s.v. μασάομαι states, “bite w. acc. τὰς γλώσσας bite their tongues Rv 16:10.”
9 tn The preposition ἐκ (ek) has been translated here and twice in the following verse with a causal sense.
5 tn Grk “pains” (the same term in Greek [πόνος, ponos] as the last word in v. 11, here translated “sufferings” because it is plural). BDAG 852 s.v. 2 states, “ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain…Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test. Jud. 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. …because of their sufferings vs. 11.”
6 tn Or “ulcerated sores” (see 16:2).
7 tn Grk “and they did not repent.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but nevertheless” to express the contrast here.
8 tn Grk “they did not repent” The addition of “still refused” reflects the hardness of people’s hearts in the context.