Psalms 4:7

4:7 You make me happier

than those who have abundant grain and wine.

Psalms 25:19

25:19 Watch my enemies, for they outnumber me;

they hate me and want to harm me.

Psalms 38:19

38:19 But those who are my enemies for no reason are numerous;

those who hate me without cause outnumber me.


tn Heb “you place joy in my heart.” Another option is to understand the perfect verbal form as indicating certitude, “you will make me happier.”

tn Heb “from (i.e., more than) the time (when) their grain and their wine are abundant.”

tn Heb “see my enemies for they are numerous, and [with] violent hatred they hate me.”

tn Heb “and my enemies, life, are many.” The noun חַיִּים (khayyim, “life”) fits very awkwardly here. The translation assumes an emendation to חִנָּם (khinam, “without reason”; note the parallelism with שֶׁקֶר [sheqer, “falsely”] and see Pss 35:19; 69:4; Lam 3:52). The verb עָצַם (’atsam) can sometimes mean “are strong,” but here it probably focuses on numerical superiority (note the parallel verb רָבַב, ravav, “be many”).

tn Heb “are many.”