Psalms 44:13-14

44:13 You made us an object of disdain to our neighbors;

those who live on our borders taunt and insult us.

44:14 You made us an object of ridicule among the nations;

foreigners treat us with contempt.

Psalms 44:16

44:16 before the vindictive enemy

who ridicules and insults me.


tn The prefixed verbal form is a preterite (without vav [ו] consecutive).

tn Heb “an [object of] taunting and [of] mockery to those around us.”

tn The prefixed verbal form is a preterite (without vav [ו] consecutive).

tn Heb “a proverb,” or “[the subject of] a mocking song.”

tn Heb “a shaking of the head among the peoples.” Shaking the head was a derisive gesture (see Jer 18:16; Lam 2:15).

tn Heb “from the voice of one who ridicules and insults, from the face of an enemy and an avenger.” See Ps 8:2.