Psalms 44:5

44:5 By your power ¹  we will drive back ²  our enemies;

by your strength ³  we will trample down ⁴  our foes! ⁵ 

Isaiah 10:6

10:6 I sent him ⁶  against a godless ⁷  nation,

I ordered him to attack the people with whom I was angry, ⁸ 

to take plunder and to carry away loot,

to trample them down ⁹  like dirt in the streets.

Isaiah 63:3

63:3 “I have stomped grapes in the winepress all by myself;

no one from the nations joined me.

I stomped on them ¹⁰  in my anger;

I trampled them down in my rage.

Their juice splashed on my garments,

and stained ¹¹  all my clothes.

Zechariah 10:5

10:5 And they will be like warriors trampling the mud of the streets in battle. They will fight, for the Lord will be with them, and will defeat the enemy cavalry. ¹² 

Malachi 4:3

4:3 You will trample on the wicked, for they will be like ashes under the soles of your feet on the day which I am preparing,” says the Lord who rules over all.

Revelation 19:15

19:15 From his mouth extends a sharp sword, so that with it he can strike the nations. ¹³  He ¹⁴  will rule ¹⁵  them with an iron rod, ¹⁶  and he stomps the winepress ¹⁷  of the furious ¹⁸  wrath of God, the All-Powerful. ¹⁹ 

¹ tn Heb “by you.”

² tn Heb “gore” (like an ox). If this portion of the psalm contains the song of confidence/petition the Israelites recited prior to battle, then the imperfects here and in the next line may express their expectation of victory. Another option is that the imperfects function in an emphatic generalizing manner. In this case one might translate, “you [always] drive back…you [always] trample down.”

³ tn Heb “in your name.” The Lord’s “name” refers here to his revealed character or personal presence. Specifically in this context his ability to deliver, protect, and energize for battle is in view (see Ps 54:1).

⁴ sn The image of the powerful wild ox continues; see the note on the phrase “drive back” in the preceding line.

⁵ tn Heb “those who rise up [against] us.”

⁶ sn Throughout this section singular forms are used to refer to Assyria; perhaps the king of Assyria is in view (see v. 12).

⁷ tn Or “defiled”; cf. ASV “profane”; NAB “impious”; NCV “separated from God.”

⁸ tn Heb “and against the people of my anger I ordered him.”

⁹ tn Heb “to make it [i.e., the people] a trampled place.”

¹⁰ sn Nations, headed by Edom, are the object of the Lord’s anger (see v. 6). He compares military slaughter to stomping on grapes in a vat.

¹¹ tn Heb “and I stained.” For discussion of the difficult verb form, see HALOT 170 s.v. II גאל. Perhaps the form is mixed, combining the first person forms of the imperfect (note the alef prefix) and perfect (note the תי- ending).

¹² tn Heb “and the riders on horses will be put to shame,” figurative for the defeat of mounted troops. The word “enemy” in the translation is supplied from context.

¹³ tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁵ tn Grk “will shepherd.”

¹⁶ tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”

¹⁷ sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.

¹⁸ tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).

¹⁹ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”