For the music director; by David, a psalm, a song.
68:1 God springs into action! 2
His enemies scatter;
his adversaries 3 run from him. 4
68:2 As smoke is driven away by the wind, so you drive them away. 5
As wax melts before fire,
so the wicked are destroyed before God.
68:3 But the godly 6 are happy;
they rejoice before God
and are overcome with joy. 7
68:4 Sing to God! Sing praises to his name!
Exalt the one who rides on the clouds! 8
For the Lord is his name! 9
Rejoice before him!
68:5 He is a father to the fatherless
and an advocate for widows. 10
God rules from his holy palace. 11
68:6 God settles those who have been deserted in their own homes; 12
he frees prisoners and grants them prosperity. 13
But sinful rebels live in the desert. 14
68:7 O God, when you lead your people into battle, 15
when you march through the desert, 16 (Selah)
68:8 the earth shakes,
yes, the heavens pour down rain
before God, the God of Sinai, 17
before God, the God of Israel. 18
68:9 O God, you cause abundant showers to fall 19 on your chosen people. 20
When they 21 are tired, you sustain them, 22
68:10 for you live among them. 23
You sustain the oppressed with your good blessings, O God.
68:11 The Lord speaks; 24
many, many women spread the good news. 25
68:12 Kings leading armies run away – they run away! 26
The lovely lady 27 of the house divides up the loot.
68:13 When 28 you lie down among the sheepfolds, 29
the wings of the dove are covered with silver
and with glittering gold. 30
68:14 When the sovereign judge 31 scatters kings, 32
let it snow 33 on Zalmon!
68:15 The mountain of Bashan 34 is a towering mountain; 35
the mountain of Bashan is a mountain with many peaks. 36
68:16 Why do you look with envy, 37 O mountains 38 with many peaks,
at the mountain where God has decided to live? 39
Indeed 40 the Lord will live there 41 permanently!
68:17 God has countless chariots;
they number in the thousands. 42
The Lord comes from Sinai in holy splendor. 43
68:18 You ascend on high, 44
you have taken many captives. 45
You receive tribute 46 from 47 men,
including even sinful rebels.
Indeed the Lord God lives there! 48
68:19 The Lord deserves praise! 49
Day after day 50 he carries our burden,
the God who delivers us. (Selah)
68:20 Our God is a God who delivers;
the Lord, the sovereign Lord, can rescue from death. 51
68:21 Indeed God strikes the heads of his enemies,
the hairy foreheads of those who persist in rebellion. 52
68:22 The Lord says,
“I will retrieve them 53 from Bashan,
I will bring them back from the depths of the sea,
68:23 so that your feet may stomp 54 in their blood,
and your dogs may eat their portion of the enemies’ corpses.” 55
68:24 They 56 see your processions, O God –
the processions of my God, my king, who marches along in holy splendor. 57
68:25 Singers walk in front;
musicians follow playing their stringed instruments, 58
in the midst of young women playing tambourines. 59
68:26 In your large assemblies praise God,
the Lord, in the assemblies of Israel! 60
68:27 There is little Benjamin, their ruler, 61
and the princes of Judah in their robes, 62
along with the princes of Zebulun and the princes of Naphtali.
68:28 God has decreed that you will be powerful. 63
O God, you who have acted on our behalf, demonstrate your power,
68:29 as you come out of your temple in Jerusalem! 64
Kings bring tribute to you.
68:30 Sound your battle cry 65 against the wild beast of the reeds, 66
and the nations that assemble like a herd of calves led by bulls! 67
They humble themselves 68 and offer gold and silver as tribute. 69
God 70 scatters 71 the nations that like to do battle.
68:31 They come with red cloth 72 from Egypt,
Ethiopia 73 voluntarily offers tribute 74 to God.
68:32 O kingdoms of the earth, sing to God!
Sing praises to the Lord, (Selah)
68:33 to the one who rides through the sky from ancient times! 75
Look! He thunders loudly. 76
68:34 Acknowledge God’s power, 77
his sovereignty over Israel,
and the power he reveals in the skies! 78
68:35 You are awe-inspiring, O God, as you emerge from your holy temple! 79
It is the God of Israel 80 who gives the people power and strength.
God deserves praise! 81
For the music director; according to the tune of “Lilies;” 83 by David.
69:1 Deliver me, O God,
for the water has reached my neck. 84
69:2 I sink into the deep mire
where there is no solid ground; 85
I am in 86 deep water,
and the current overpowers me.
69:3 I am exhausted from shouting for help;
my throat is sore; 87
my eyes grow tired of looking for my God. 88
69:4 Those who hate me without cause are more numerous than the hairs of my head.
Those who want to destroy me, my enemies for no reason, 89 outnumber me. 90
They make me repay what I did not steal! 91
69:5 O God, you are aware of my foolish sins; 92
my guilt is not hidden from you. 93
69:6 Let none who rely on you be disgraced because of me,
O sovereign Lord and king! 94
Let none who seek you be ashamed because of me,
O God of Israel!
69:7 For I suffer 95 humiliation for your sake 96
and am thoroughly disgraced. 97
69:8 My own brothers treat me like a stranger;
they act as if I were a foreigner. 98
69:9 Certainly 99 zeal for 100 your house 101 consumes me;
I endure the insults of those who insult you. 102
69:10 I weep and refrain from eating food, 103
which causes others to insult me. 104
69:11 I wear sackcloth
and they ridicule me. 105
69:12 Those who sit at the city gate gossip about me;
drunkards mock me in their songs. 106
69:13 O Lord, may you hear my prayer and be favorably disposed to me! 107
O God, because of your great loyal love,
answer me with your faithful deliverance! 108
69:14 Rescue me from the mud! Don’t let me sink!
Deliver me 109 from those who hate me,
from the deep water!
69:15 Don’t let the current overpower me!
Don’t let the deep swallow me up!
Don’t let the pit 110 devour me! 111
69:16 Answer me, O Lord, for your loyal love is good! 112
Because of your great compassion, turn toward me!
69:17 Do not ignore 113 your servant,
for I am in trouble! Answer me right away! 114
69:18 Come near me and redeem me! 115
Because of my enemies, rescue me!
69:19 You know how I am insulted, humiliated and disgraced;
you can see all my enemies. 116
69:20 Their insults are painful 117 and make me lose heart; 118
I look 119 for sympathy, but receive none, 120
for comforters, but find none.
69:21 They put bitter poison 121 into my food,
and to quench my thirst they give me vinegar to drink. 122
69:22 May their dining table become a trap before them!
May it be a snare for that group of friends! 123
69:23 May their eyes be blinded! 124
Make them shake violently! 125
69:24 Pour out your judgment 126 on them!
May your raging anger 127 overtake them!
69:25 May their camp become desolate,
their tents uninhabited! 128
69:26 For they harass 129 the one whom you discipline; 130
they spread the news about the suffering of those whom you punish. 131
69:27 Hold them accountable for all their sins! 132
Do not vindicate them! 133
69:28 May their names be deleted from the scroll of the living! 134
Do not let their names be listed with the godly! 135
69:29 I am oppressed and suffering!
O God, deliver and protect me! 136
69:30 I will sing praises to God’s name! 137
I will magnify him as I give him thanks! 138
69:31 That will please the Lord more than an ox or a bull
with horns and hooves.
69:32 The oppressed look on – let them rejoice!
You who seek God, 139 may you be encouraged! 140
69:33 For the Lord listens to the needy;
he does not despise his captive people. 141
69:34 Let the heavens and the earth praise him,
along with the seas and everything that swims in them!
69:35 For God will deliver Zion
and rebuild the cities of Judah,
and his people 142 will again live in them and possess Zion. 143
69:36 The descendants of his servants will inherit it,
and those who are loyal to him 144 will live in it. 145
For the music director; by David; written to get God’s attention. 147
70:1 O God, please be willing to rescue me! 148
O Lord, hurry and help me! 149
70:2 May those who are trying to take my life
be embarrassed and ashamed! 150
May those who want to harm me
be turned back and ashamed! 151
70:3 May those who say, “Aha! Aha!”
be driven back 152 and disgraced! 153
70:4 May all those who seek you be happy and rejoice in you!
May those who love to experience 154 your deliverance say continually, 155
“May God 156 be praised!” 157
70:5 I am oppressed and needy! 158
O God, hurry to me! 159
You are my helper and my deliverer!
O Lord, 160 do not delay!
1 sn Psalm 68. The psalmist depicts God as a mighty warrior and celebrates the fact that God exerts his power on behalf of his people.
2 tn Or “rises up.” The verb form is an imperfect, not a jussive. The psalmist is describing God’s appearance in battle in a dramatic fashion.
3 tn Heb “those who hate him.”
4 sn The wording of v. 1 echoes the prayer in Num 10:35: “Spring into action,
5 tn Heb “as smoke is scattered, you scatter [them].”
6 tn By placing the subject first the psalmist highlights the contrast between God’s ecstatic people and his defeated enemies (vv. 1-2).
7 tn Heb “and they are happy with joy” (cf. NEB). Some translate the prefixed verbal forms of v. 3 as jussives, “Let the godly be happy, let them rejoice before God, and let them be happy with joy!” (Cf. NASB, NIV, NRSV; note the call to praise in v. 4.)
8 tn Traditionally the Hebrew term עֲרָבוֹת (’aravot) is taken as “steppe-lands” (often rendered “deserts”), but here the form is probably a homonym meaning “clouds.” Verse 33, which depicts God as the one who “rides on the sky” strongly favors this (see as well Deut 33:26), as does the reference in v. 9 to God as the source of rain. The term עֲרָבָה (’aravah, “cloud”) is cognate with Akkadian urpatu/erpetu and with Ugaritic ’rpt. The phrase rkb ’rpt (“one who rides on the clouds”) appears in Ugaritic mythological texts as an epithet of the storm god Baal. The nonphonemic interchange of the bilabial consonants b and p is attested elsewhere in roots common to Hebrew and Ugaritic, though the phenomenon is relatively rare.
9 tc Heb “in the
10 sn God is depicted here as a just ruler. In the ancient Near Eastern world a king was responsible for promoting justice, including caring for the weak and vulnerable, epitomized by the fatherless and widows.
11 tn Heb “God [is] in his holy dwelling place.” He occupies his throne and carries out his royal responsibilities.
12 tn Heb “God causes the solitary ones to dwell in a house.” The participle suggests this is what God typically does.
13 tn Heb “he brings out prisoners into prosperity.” Another option is to translate, “he brings out prisoners with singing” (cf. NIV). The participle suggests this is what God typically does.
14 tn Or “in a parched [land].”
15 tn Heb “when you go out before your people.” The Hebrew idiom “go out before” is used here in a militaristic sense of leading troops into battle (see Judg 4:14; 9:39; 2 Sam 5:24).
16 sn When you march through the desert. Some interpreters think that v. 7 alludes to Israel’s exodus from Egypt and its subsequent travels in the desert. Another option is that v. 7, like v. 8, echoes Judg 5:4, which describes how the God of Sinai marched across the desert regions to do battle with Sisera and his Canaanite army.
17 tn Heb “this one of Sinai.” The phrase is a divine title, perhaps indicating that the
18 sn The language of vv. 7-8 is reminiscent of Judg 5:4-5, which tells how the God of Sinai came in the storm and annihilated the Canaanite forces led by Sisera. The presence of allusion does not mean, however, that this is a purely historical reference. The psalmist is describing God’s typical appearance as a warrior in terms of his prior self-revelation as ancient events are reactualized in the psalmist’s experience. (For a similar literary technique, see Hab 3.)
19 tn The verb נוּף (nuf, “cause rain to fall”) is a homonym of the more common נוּף (“brandish”).
20 tn Heb “[on] your inheritance.” This refers to Israel as God’s specially chosen people (see Pss 28:9; 33:12; 74:2; 78:62, 71; 79:1; 94:5, 14; 106:40). Some take “your inheritance” with what follows, but the vav (ו) prefixed to the following word (note וְנִלְאָה, vÿnil’ah) makes this syntactically unlikely.
21 tn Heb “it [is],” referring to God’s “inheritance.”
22 tn Heb “it,” referring to God’s “inheritance.”
23 tn The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear; it appears to read, “your animals, they live in it,” but this makes little, if any, sense in this context. Some suggest that חָיָּה (khayah) is a rare homonym here, meaning “community” (BDB 312 s.v.) or “dwelling place” (HALOT 310 s.v. III *הַיָּה). In this case one may take “your community/dwelling place” as appositional to the third feminine singular pronominal suffix at the end of v. 9, the antecedent of which is “your inheritance.” The phrase יָשְׁבוּ־בָהּ (yashvu-vah, “they live in it”) may then be understood as an asyndetic relative clause modifying “your community/dwelling place.” A literal translation of vv. 9b-10a would be, “when it [your inheritance] is tired, you sustain it, your community/dwelling place in [which] they live.”
24 tn Heb “gives a word.” Perhaps this refers to a divine royal decree or battle cry.
25 tn Heb “the ones spreading the good news [are] a large army.” The participle translated “the ones spreading the good news” is a feminine plural form. Apparently the good news here is the announcement that enemy kings have been defeated (see v. 12).
26 tn The verbal repetition draws attention to the statement.
27 tn The Hebrew form appears to be the construct of נוּה (nuh, “pasture”) but the phrase “pasture of the house” makes no sense here. The translation assumes that the form is an alternative or corruption of נצוה (“beautiful woman”). A reference to a woman would be appropriate in light of v. 11b.
28 tn Or “if.”
29 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word translated “sheepfolds” is uncertain. There may be an echo of Judg 5:16 here.
30 tn Heb “and her pinions with the yellow of gold.”
31 tn The divine name used here is שַׁדַּי (“Shaddai”). Shaddai/El Shaddai is the sovereign king/judge of the world who grants life, blesses and kills, and judges. In Genesis he blesses the patriarchs with fertility and promises numerous descendants. Outside Genesis he both blesses (protects) and takes away life and/or happiness.
32 tn The Hebrew text adds “in it.” The third feminine singular pronominal suffix may refer back to God’s community/dwelling place (v. 10).
33 tn The verb form appears to be a Hiphil jussive from שָׁלַג (shalag), which is usually understood as a denominative verb from שֶׁלֶג (sheleg, “snow”) with an indefinite subject. The form could be taken as a preterite, in which case one might translate, “when the sovereign judge scattered kings, it snowed on Zalmon” (cf. NIV, NRSV). The point of the image is unclear. Perhaps “snow” suggests fertility and blessing (see v. 9 and Isa 55:10), or the image of a snow-capped mountain suggests grandeur.
34 sn The mountain of Bashan probably refers to Mount Hermon.
35 tn Heb “a mountain of God.” The divine name is probably used here in a superlative sense to depict a very high mountain (“a mountain fit for God,” as it were). Cf. NIV “are majestic mountains”; NRSV “O mighty mountain.”
36 tn The meaning of the Hebrew term, which appears only here in the OT, is uncertain. HALOT 174 s.v. גַּבְנוֹן suggests “many-peaked,” while BDB 148 s.v. גַּבְנִן suggests “rounded summit.”
37 tn The meaning of the Hebrew verb רָצַד (ratsad), translated here “look with envy,” is uncertain; it occurs only here in the OT. See BDB 952-53. A cognate verb occurs in later Aramaic with the meaning “to lie in wait; to watch” (Jastrow 1492 s.v. רְצַד).
38 tn Perhaps the apparent plural form should be read as a singular with enclitic mem (ם; later misinterpreted as a plural ending). The preceding verse has the singular form.
39 tn Heb “[at] the mountain God desires for his dwelling place.” The reference is to Mount Zion/Jerusalem.
40 tn The Hebrew particle אַף (’af) has an emphasizing function here.
41 tn The word “there” is supplied in the translation for clarification.
42 tn Heb “thousands of [?].” The meaning of the word שִׁנְאָן (shin’an), which occurs only here in the OT, is uncertain. Perhaps the form should be emended to שַׁאֲנָן (sha’anan, “at ease”) and be translated here “held in reserve.”
43 tc The MT reads, “the Lord [is] among them, Sinai, in holiness,” which is syntactically difficult. The present translation assumes an emendation to אֲדֹנָי בָּא מִסִּינַי (’adonay ba’ missinay; see BHS note b-b and Deut 33:2).
44 tn Heb “to the elevated place”; or “on high.” This probably refers to the Lord’s throne on Mount Zion.
45 tn Heb “you have taken captives captive.”
46 tn Or “gifts.”
47 tn Or “among.”
48 tn Heb “so that the
49 tn Heb “blessed [be] the Lord.”
50 tn It is possible to take this phrase with what precedes (“The Lord deserves praise day after day”) rather than with what follows.
51 tn Heb “and to the
52 tn Heb “the hairy forehead of the one who walks about in his guilt.” The singular is representative.
53 tn That is, the enemies mentioned in v. 21. Even if they retreat to distant regions, God will retrieve them and make them taste his judgment.
54 tc Some (e.g. NRSV) prefer to emend מָחַץ (makhats, “smash; stomp”; see v. 21) to רָחַץ (rakhats, “bathe”; see Ps 58:10).
55 tn Heb “[and] the tongue of your dogs from [the] enemies [may eat] its portion.”
56 tn The subject is probably indefinite, referring to bystanders in general who witness the procession.
57 tn The Hebrew text has simply “in holiness.” The words “who marches along” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
58 tn Heb “after [are] the stringed instrument players.”
59 sn To celebrate a military victory, women would play tambourines (see Exod 15:20; Judg 11:34; 1 Sam 18:6).
60 tn Heb “from the fountain of Israel,” which makes little, if any, sense here. The translation assumes an emendation to בְּמִקְרָאֵי (bÿmiqra’ey, “in the assemblies of [Israel]”).
61 sn Little Benjamin, their ruler. This may allude to the fact that Israel’s first king, Saul, was from the tribe of Benjamin.
62 tc The MT reads רִגְמָתָם (rigmatam), which many derive from רָגַם (ragam, “to kill by stoning”) and translates, “[in] their heaps,” that is, in large numbers.
63 tn Heb “God has commanded your strength.” The statement is apparently addressed to Israel (see v. 26).
64 tn Heb “Be strong, O God, [you] who have acted for us, from your temple in Jerusalem.”
65 tn The Hebrew verb גָּעַר (ga’ar) is often understood to mean “rebuke.” In some cases it is apparent that scolding or threatening is in view (see Gen 37:10; Ruth 2:16; Zech 3:2). However, in militaristic contexts such as Ps 68 this translation is inadequate, for the verb refers in this setting to the warrior’s battle cry, which terrifies and paralyzes the enemy. See A. Caquot, TDOT 3:53, and note the use of the verb in Ps 106:9 and Nah 1:4, as well as the related noun in Job 26:11; Pss 18:15; 76:6; 104:7; Isa 50:2; 51:20; 66:15.
66 sn The wild beast of the reeds probably refers to a hippopotamus, which in turn symbolizes the nation of Egypt.
67 tn Heb “an assembly of bulls, with calves of the nations.”
68 tn Heb “humbling himself.” The verb form is a Hitpael participle from the root רָפַס (rafas, “to trample”). The Hitpael of this verb appears only here and in Prov 6:3, where it seems to mean, “humble oneself,” a nuance that fits nicely in this context. The apparent subject is “wild beast” or “assembly,” though both of these nouns are grammatically feminine, while the participle is a masculine form. Perhaps one should emend the participial form to a masculine plural (מִתְרַפִּם, mitrapim) and understand “bulls” or “calves” as the subject.
69 tc Heb “with pieces [?] of silver.” The meaning of the Hebrew term רַצֵּי (ratsey) is unclear. It is probably best to emend the text to בֶּצֶר וְכָסֶף (betser vÿkhasef, “[with] gold and silver”).
70 tn Heb “he”; the referent (God) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
71 tn The verb בָּזַר (bazar) is an alternative form of פָּזַר (pazar, “scatter”).
72 tn This noun, which occurs only here in the OT, apparently means “red cloth” or “bronze articles” (see HALOT 362 s.v. חַשְׁמַן; cf. NEB “tribute”). Traditionally the word has been taken to refer to “nobles” (see BDB 365 s.v. חַשְׁמַן; cf. NIV “envoys”). Another option would be to emend the text to הַשְׁמַנִּים (hashmannim, “the robust ones,” i.e., leaders).
73 tn Heb “Cush.”
74 tn Heb “causes its hands to run,” which must mean “quickly stretches out its hands” (to present tribute).
75 tc Heb “to the one who rides through the skies of skies of ancient times.” If the MT is retained, one might translate, “to the one who rides through the ancient skies.” (שְׁמֵי [shÿmey, “skies of”] may be accidentally repeated.) The present translation assumes an emendation to בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִקֶּדֶם (bashamayim miqqedem, “[to the one who rides] through the sky from ancient times”), that is, God has been revealing his power through the storm since ancient times.
76 tn Heb “he gives his voice a strong voice.” In this context God’s “voice” is the thunder that accompanies the rain (see vv. 8-9, as well as Deut 33:26).
77 tn Heb “give strength to God.”
78 sn The language of v. 34 echoes that of Deut 33:26.
79 tn Heb “awesome [is] God from his holy places.” The plural of מִקְדָּשׁ (miqdash, “holy places”) perhaps refers to the temple precincts (see Ps 73:17; Jer 51:51).
80 tn Heb “the God of Israel, he.”
81 tn Heb “blessed [be] God.”
82 sn Psalm 69. The psalmist laments his oppressed condition and asks the Lord to deliver him by severely judging his enemies.
83 tn Heb “according to lilies.” See the superscription to Ps 45.
84 tn The Hebrew term נפשׁ (nefesh) here refers to the psalmist’s throat or neck. The psalmist compares himself to a helpless, drowning man.
85 tn Heb “and there is no place to stand.”
86 tn Heb “have entered.”
87 tn Or perhaps “raw”; Heb “burned; enflamed.”
88 tn Heb “my eyes fail from waiting for my God.” The psalmist has intently kept his eyes open, looking for God to intervene, but now his eyes are watery and bloodshot, impairing his vision.
89 tn Heb “[with] a lie.” The Hebrew noun שֶׁקֶר (sheqer, “lie”) is used here as an adverb, “falsely, wrongfully” (see Pss 35:19; 38:19).
90 tn The Hebrew verb עָצַם (’atsam) can sometimes mean “are strong,” but here it probably focuses on numerical superiority; note the parallel verb רָבַב (ravav, “be many”).
91 tn Heb “that which I did not steal, then I restore.” Apparently אָז (’az, “then”) is used here to emphasize the verb that follows.
92 tn Heb “you know my foolishness.”
93 sn The psalmist is the first to admit that he is not perfect. But even so, he is innocent of the allegations which his enemies bring against him (v. 5b). God, who is aware of his foolish sins and guilt, can testify to the truth of his claim.
94 tn Heb “O Master,
95 tn Heb “carry, bear.”
96 tn Heb “on account of you.”
97 tn Heb “and shame covers my face.”
98 tn Heb “and I am estranged to my brothers, and a foreigner to the sons of my mother.”
99 tn Or “for.” This verse explains that the psalmist’s suffering is due to his allegiance to God.
100 tn Or “devotion to.”
101 sn God’s house, the temple, here represents by metonymy God himself.
102 tn Heb “the insults of those who insult you fall upon me.”
103 sn Fasting was a practice of mourners. By refraining from normal activities such as eating food, the mourner demonstrated the sincerity of his sorrow.
104 tn Heb “and it becomes insults to me.”
105 tn Heb “and I am an object of ridicule to them.”
106 tn Heb “the mocking songs of the drinkers of beer.”
107 tn Heb “as for me, [may] my prayer be to you, O
108 tn Heb “O God, in the abundance of your loyal love, answer me in the faithfulness of your deliverance.”
109 tn Heb “let me be delivered.”
110 tn Heb “well,” which here symbolizes the place of the dead (cf. Ps 55:23).
111 tn Heb “do not let the well close its mouth upon me.”
112 tn Or “pleasant”; or “desirable.”
113 tn Heb “do not hide your face from.” The Hebrew idiom “hide the face” can (1) mean “ignore” (see Pss 10:11; 13:1; 51:9) or (2) carry the stronger idea of “reject” (see Pss 30:7; 88:14).
114 tn Or “quickly.”
115 tn Heb “come near my life and redeem it.” The verb “redeem” casts the
116 tn Heb “before you [are] all my enemies.”
117 tn Heb “break my heart.” The “heart” is viewed here as the origin of the psalmist’s emotions.
118 tn The verb form appears to be a Qal preterite from an otherwise unattested root נוּשׁ (nush), which some consider an alternate form of אָנַשׁ (’anash, “be weak; be sick”; see BDB 60 s.v. I אָנַשׁ). Perhaps the form should be emended to a Niphal, וָאֵאָנְשָׁה (va’e’onshah, “and I am sick”). The Niphal of אָנַשׁ occurs in 2 Sam 12:15, where it is used to describe David’s sick child.
119 tn Heb “wait.”
120 tn Heb “and I wait for sympathy, but there is none.” The form נוּד (nud) is an infinitive functioning as a verbal noun:, “sympathizing.” Some suggest emending the form to a participle נָד (nad, “one who shows sympathy”). The verb נוּד (nud) also has the nuance “show sympathy” in Job 2:11; 42:11 and Isa 51:19.
121 tn According to BDB 912 s.v. II רֹאשׁ the term can mean “a bitter and poisonous plant.”
122 sn John 19:28-30 appears to understand Jesus’ experience on the cross as a fulfillment of this passage (or Ps 22:15). See the study note on the word “thirsty” in John 19:28.
123 tc Heb “and to the friends for a snare.” The plural of שָׁלוֹם (shalom, “peace”) is used in Ps 55:20 of one’s “friends.” If the reading of the MT is retained here, the term depicts the psalmist’s enemies as a close-knit group of friends who are bound together by their hatred for the psalmist. Some prefer to revocalize the text as וּלְשִׁלּוּמִים (ulÿshillumim, “and for retribution”). In this case the noun stands parallel to פַּח (pakh, “trap”) and מוֹקֵשׁ (moqesh, “snare”), and one might translate, “may their dining table become a trap before them, [a means of] retribution and a snare” (cf. NIV).
124 tn Heb “may their eyes be darkened from seeing.”
125 tn Heb “make their hips shake continually.”
126 tn Heb “anger.” “Anger” here refers metonymically to divine judgment, which is the practical effect of God’s anger.
127 tn Heb “the rage of your anger.” The phrase “rage of your anger” employs an appositional genitive. Synonyms are joined in a construct relationship to emphasize the single idea. For a detailed discussion of the grammatical point with numerous examples, see Y. Avishur, “Pairs of Synonymous Words in the Construct State (and in Appositional Hendiadys) in Biblical Hebrew,” Semitics 2 (1971), 17-81.
128 tn Heb “in their tents may there not be one who dwells.”
129 tn Or “persecute”; Heb “chase.”
130 tn Heb “for you, the one whom you strike, they chase.”
131 tn Heb “they announce the pain of your wounded ones” (i.e., “the ones whom you wounded,” as the parallel line makes clear).
132 tn Heb “place sin upon their sin.”
133 tn Heb “let them not come into your vindication.”
134 tn Heb “let them be wiped out of the scroll of the living.”
135 tn Heb “and with the godly let them not be written.”
136 tn Heb “your deliverance, O God, may it protect me.”
137 tn Heb “I will praise the name of God with a song.”
138 tn Heb “I will magnify him with thanks.”
139 sn You who seek God refers to those who seek to have a relationship with God by obeying and worshiping him (see Ps 53:2).
140 tn Heb “may your heart[s] live.” See Ps 22:26.
141 tn Heb “his prisoners he does not despise.”
142 tn Heb “they”; the referent (God’s people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
143 tn Heb “it.” The third feminine singular pronominal suffix probably refers to “Zion” (see Pss 48:12; 102:14); thus the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
144 tn Heb “the lovers of his name.” The phrase refers to those who are loyal to God (cf. v. 35). See Pss 5:11; 119:132; Isa 56:6.
145 sn Verses 35-36 appear to be an addition to the psalm from the time of the exile. The earlier lament reflects an individual’s situation, while these verses seem to reflect a communal application of it.
146 sn Psalm 70. This psalm is almost identical to Ps 40:13-17. The psalmist asks for God’s help and for divine retribution against his enemies.
147 tn Heb “to cause to remember.” The same form, a Hiphil infinitive of זָכַר (zakhar, “remember”), also appears in the superscription of Ps 38. Some understand this in the sense of “for the memorial offering,” but it may carry the idea of bringing one’s plight to God’s attention (see P. C. Craigie, Psalms 1-50 [WBC], 303).
148 tn Heb “O God, to rescue me.” A main verb is obviously missing. The verb רָצָה (ratsah, “be willing”) should be supplied (see Ps 40:13). Ps 40:13 uses the divine name “
149 tn Heb “hurry to my help.” See Pss 22:19; 38:22.
150 tn Heb “may they be embarrassed and ashamed, the ones seeking my life.” Ps 40:14 has “together” after “ashamed,” and “to snatch it away” after “my life.”
151 tn The four prefixed verbal forms in this verse are understood as jussives. The psalmist is calling judgment down on his enemies.
152 tn The prefixed verbal form is understood as a jussive in this imprecation.
153 tn Heb “May they be turned back according to their shame, those who say, ‘Aha! Aha!’” Ps 40:15 has the verb “humiliated” instead of “turned back” and adds “to me” after “say.”
154 tn Heb “those who love,” which stands metonymically for its cause, the experience of being delivered by God.
155 tn The three prefixed verbal forms prior to the quotation are understood as jussives. The psalmist balances out his imprecation against his enemies with a prayer of blessing on the godly.
156 tn Ps 40:16 uses the divine name “
157 tn The prefixed verbal form is taken as a jussive, “may the
158 sn See Pss 35:10; 37:14.
159 tn Ps 40:17 has “may the Lord pay attention to me.”
160 tn Ps 40:17 has “my God” instead of “