For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; 2 a psalm of Asaph.
80:1 O shepherd of Israel, pay attention,
you who lead Joseph like a flock of sheep!
You who sit enthroned above the winged angels, 3 reveal your splendor! 4
80:2 In the sight of Ephraim, Benjamin, and Manasseh reveal 5 your power!
Come and deliver us! 6
80:3 O God, restore us!
Smile on us! 7 Then we will be delivered! 8
80:4 O Lord God, invincible warrior! 9
How long will you remain angry at your people while they pray to you? 10
80:5 You have given them tears as food; 11
you have made them drink tears by the measure. 12
80:6 You have made our neighbors dislike us, 13
and our enemies insult us.
80:7 O God, invincible warrior, 14 restore us!
Smile on us! 15 Then we will be delivered! 16
80:8 You uprooted a vine 17 from Egypt;
you drove out nations and transplanted it.
80:9 You cleared the ground for it; 18
it took root, 19
and filled the land.
80:10 The mountains were covered by its shadow,
the highest cedars 20 by its branches.
80:11 Its branches reached the Mediterranean Sea, 21
and its shoots the Euphrates River. 22
80:12 Why did you break down its walls, 23
so that all who pass by pluck its fruit? 24
1 sn Psalm 80. The psalmist laments Israel’s demise and asks the Lord to show favor toward his people, as he did in earlier times.
2 tn The Hebrew expression shushan-eduth means “lily of the testimony.” It may refer to a particular music style or to a tune title. See the superscription to Ps 60.
3 sn Winged angels (Heb “cherubs”). Cherubs, as depicted in the OT, possess both human and animal (lion, ox, and eagle) characteristics (see Ezek 1:10; 10:14, 21; 41:18). They are pictured as winged creatures (Exod 25:20; 37:9; 1 Kgs 6:24-27; Ezek 10:8, 19) and serve as the very throne of God when the ark of the covenant is in view (Ps 99:1; see Num 7:89; 1 Sam 4:4; 2 Sam 6:2; 2 Kgs 19:15). The picture of the Lord seated on the cherubs suggests they might be used by him as a vehicle, a function they carry out in Ezek 1:22-28 (the “living creatures” mentioned here are identified as cherubs in Ezek 10:20). In Ps 18:10 the image of a cherub serves to personify the wind.
4 tn Heb “shine forth.”
5 tn Heb “stir up”; “arouse.”
6 tn Heb “come for our deliverance.”
7 tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17).
8 tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
9 tn Heb “
10 tn Heb “How long will you remain angry during the prayer of your people.” Some take the preposition -בְּ (bet) in an adversative sense here (“at/against the prayer of your people”), but the temporal sense is preferable. The psalmist expects persistent prayer to pacify God.
11 tn Heb “you have fed them the food of tears.”
12 tn Heb “[by] the third part [of a measure].” The Hebrew term שָׁלִישׁ (shalish, “third part [of a measure]”) occurs only here and in Isa 40:12.
13 tn Heb “you have made us an object of contention to our neighbors.”
14 tn Heb “O God, hosts.” One expects the construct form אֱלֹהֵי before צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot, “hosts”; see Ps 89:9), but יְהוָה אֱלֹהִים (yehvah ’elohim) precedes צְבָאוֹת (tsÿva’ot) in Pss 59:5 and 84:8 as well. See also v. 4 for a similar construction.
15 tn The idiom “cause your face to shine” probably refers to a smile (see Eccl 8:1), which in turn suggests favor and blessing (see Num 6:25; Pss 4:6; 31:16; 44:3; 67:1; 89:15; Dan 9:17).
16 tn Heb “cause your face to shine in order that we may be delivered.” After the imperative, the cohortative with prefixed vav (ו) indicates purpose/result.
17 sn The vine is here a metaphor for Israel (see Ezek 17:6-10; Hos 10:1).
18 tn Heb “you cleared away before it.”
19 tn Heb “and it took root [with] its roots.”
20 tn Heb “cedars of God.” The divine name אֵל (’al, “God”) is here used in an idiomatic manner to indicate the superlative.
21 tn Heb “to [the] sea.” The “sea” refers here to the Mediterranean Sea.
22 tn Heb “to [the] river.” The “river” is the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia. Israel expanded both to the west and to the east.
23 sn The protective walls of the metaphorical vineyard are in view here (see Isa 5:5).
24 tn Heb “pluck it.”