Psalms 89:3-4

89:3 The Lord said, ¹ 

“I have made a covenant with my chosen one;

I have made a promise on oath to David, my servant:

89:4 ‘I will give you an eternal dynasty ² 

and establish your throne throughout future generations.’” ³  (Selah)

Psalms 89:19-20

89:19 Then you ⁴  spoke through a vision to your faithful followers ⁵  and said:

“I have energized a warrior; ⁶ 

I have raised up a young man ⁷  from the people.

89:20 I have discovered David, my servant.

With my holy oil I have anointed him as king. ⁸ 

Psalms 89:35-37

89:35 Once and for all I have vowed by my own holiness,

I will never deceive ⁹  David.

89:36 His dynasty will last forever. ¹⁰ 

His throne will endure before me, like the sun, ¹¹ 

89:37 it will remain stable, like the moon, ¹² 

his throne will endure like the skies.” ¹³  (Selah)

¹ tn The words “the Lord said” are supplied in the translation for clarification. It is clear that the words of vv. 3-4 are spoken by the Lord, in contrast to vv. 1-2, which are spoken by the psalmist.

² tn Heb “forever I will establish your offspring.”

³ tn Heb “and I will build to a generation and a generation your throne.”

⁴ tn The pronoun “you” refers to the Lord, who is addressed here. The quotation that follows further develops the announcement of vv. 3-4.

⁵ tc Many medieval mss read the singular here, “your faithful follower.” In this case the statement refers directly to Nathan’s oracle to David (see 2 Sam 7:17).

⁶ tn Heb “I have placed help upon a warrior.”

⁷ tn Or perhaps “a chosen one.”

⁸ tn The words “as king” are supplied in the translation for clarification, indicating that a royal anointing is in view.

⁹ tn Or “lie to.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “his offspring forever will be.”

¹¹ tn Heb “and his throne like the sun before me.”

¹² tn Heb “like the moon it will be established forever.”

¹³ tn Heb “and a witness in the sky, secure.” Scholars have offered a variety of opinions as to the identity of the “witness” referred to here, none of which is very convincing. It is preferable to join וְעֵד (vÿ’ed) to עוֹלָם (’olam) in the preceding line and translate the commonly attested phrase עוֹלָם וְעֵד (“forever”). In this case one may translate the second line, “[it] will be secure like the skies.” Another option (the one reflected in the present translation) is to take עד as a rare noun meaning “throne” or “dais.” This noun is attested in Ugaritic; see, for example, CTA 16 vi 22-23, where ksi (= כִּסֵּא, kisse’, “throne”) and ’d (= עד, “dais”) appear as synonyms in the poetic parallelism (see G. R. Driver, Canaanite Myths and Legends, 91). Emending בַּשַּׁחַק (bashakhaq, “in the heavens”) to כַּשַׁחַק (kashakhaq, “like the heavens”) – bet/kaf (כ/ב) confusion is widely attested – one can then read “[his] throne like the heavens [is] firm/stable.” Verse 29 refers to the enduring nature of the heavens, while Job 37:18 speaks of God spreading out the heavens (שְׁחָקִים, shÿkhaqim) and compares their strength to a bronze mirror. Ps 89:29 uses the term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim, “skies”) which frequently appears in parallelism to שְׁחָקִים.