Revelation 1:15

1:15 His feet were like polished bronze ¹  refined ²  in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar ³  of many waters.

Revelation 5:2

5:2 And I saw a powerful angel proclaiming in a loud voice: “Who is worthy to open the scroll and to break its seals?”

Revelation 10:3

10:3 Then ⁴  he shouted in a loud voice like a lion roaring, and when he shouted, the seven thunders sounded their voices.

Revelation 14:15

14:15 Then ⁵  another angel came out of the temple, shouting in a loud voice to the one seated on the cloud, “Use ⁶  your sickle and start to reap, ⁷  because the time to reap has come, since the earth’s harvest is ripe!”

Jeremiah 25:30

25:30 “Then, Jeremiah, ⁸  make the following prophecy ⁹  against them:

‘Like a lion about to attack, ¹⁰  the Lord will roar from the heights of heaven;

from his holy dwelling on high he will roar loudly.

He will roar mightily against his land. ¹¹ 

He will shout in triumph like those stomping juice from the grapes ¹² 

against all those who live on the earth.

Joel 3:16

3:16 The Lord roars from Zion;

from Jerusalem ¹³  his voice bellows out. ¹⁴ 

The heavens ¹⁵  and the earth shake.

But the Lord is a refuge for his people;

he is a stronghold for the citizens ¹⁶  of Israel.

¹ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears nowhere else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 2:18), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 2:18 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

² tn Or “that has been heated in a furnace until it glows.”

³ tn Grk “sound,” but the idea is closer to the roar of a waterfall or rapids.

⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁵ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁶ tn Grk “Send out.”

⁷ tn The aorist θέρισον (qerison) has been translated ingressively.

⁸ tn The word “Jeremiah” is not in the text. It is supplied in the translation to make clear who is being addressed.

⁹ tn Heb “Prophesy against them all these words.”

¹⁰ tn The words “like a lion about to attack” are not in the text but are implicit in the metaphor. The explicit comparison of the Lord to a lion is made at the end of the passage in v. 38. The words are supplied in the translation here for clarity.

¹¹ sn The word used here (Heb “his habitation”) refers to the land of Canaan which the Lord chose to make his earthly dwelling (Exod 15:13) and which was the dwelling place of his chosen people (Jer 10:25; Isa 32:18). Judgment would begin at the “house of God” (v. 29; 1 Pet 4:17) but would extend to the rest of the earth (v. 29).

¹² sn The metaphor shifts from God as a lion to God as a mighty warrior (Jer 20:11; Isa 42:13; Zeph 3:17) shouting in triumph over his foes. Within the metaphor is a simile where the warrior is compared to a person stomping on grapes to remove the juice from them in the making of wine. The figure will be invoked later in a battle scene where the sounds of joy in the grape harvest are replaced by the sounds of joy of the enemy soldiers (Jer 48:33). The picture is drawn in more gory detail in Isa 63:1-6.

¹³ map For location see Map5-B1; Map6-F3; Map7-E2; Map8-F2; Map10-B3; JP1-F4; JP2-F4; JP3-F4; JP4-F4.

¹⁴ tn Heb “he sounds forth his voice.”

¹⁵ tn Or “the sky.” See the note on “sky” in 2:30.

¹⁶ tn Heb “sons.”