16:4 Then 9 the third angel 10 poured out his bowl on the rivers and the springs of water, and they turned into blood.
16:8 Then 11 the fourth angel 12 poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was permitted to scorch people 13 with fire.
16:17 Finally 14 the seventh angel 15 poured out his bowl into the air and a loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying: “It is done!”
18:1 After these things I saw another angel, who possessed great authority, coming down out of heaven, and the earth was lit up by his radiance. 16
19:7 Let us rejoice 17 and exult
and give him glory,
because the wedding celebration of the Lamb has come,
and his bride has made herself ready.
20:1 Then 18 I saw an angel descending from heaven, holding 19 in his hand the key to the abyss and a huge chain.
1 tn The verb ποιέω (poiew) can indicate appointment or assignment rather than simply “make” or “do.” See Mark 3:14 (L&N 37.106).
2 tn See BDAG 168 s.v. βασιλεία 1.a for the idea of “he made us a kingdom,” which was translated as “he appointed us (to be or function) as a kingdom” (see the note on the word “appointed” earlier in the verse).
3 tn Grk “a kingdom, priests.” The term ἱερεῖς (Jiereis) is either in apposition to βασιλείαν (basileian) or as a second complement to the object “us” (ἡμᾶς, Jhmas). The translation retains this ambiguity.
4 tc Both the longer reading τῶν αἰώνων (twn aiwnwn, “to the ages of the ages” or, more idiomatically, “for ever and ever”; found in א C Ï) and the shorter (“for ever”; found in Ì18 A P 2050 pc bo) have good ms support. The author uses the longer expression (εἰς [τοὺς] αἰῶνας [τῶν] αἰώνων, ei" [tou"] aiwna" [twn] aiwnwn) in every other instance of αἰών in Revelation, twelve passages in all (1:18; 4:9, 10; 5:13; 7:12; 10:6; 11:15; 14:11; 15:7; 19:3; 20:10; 22:5). Thus, on the one hand, the style of the author is consistent, while on the other hand, the scribes may have been familiar with such a stylistic feature, causing them to add the words here. The issues are more complex than can be presented here; the longer reading, however, is probably original (the shorter reading arising from accidental omission of the genitive phrase due to similarity with the preceding words).
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
10 tn Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the angel’s directions.
17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
18 tn Grk “the third”; the referent (the third angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
22 tn Grk “the fourth”; the referent (the fourth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
23 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “finally” to indicate the conclusion of the seven bowl judgments.
26 tn Grk “the seventh”; the referent (the seventh angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
29 tn Grk “glory”; but often in the sense of splendor, brightness, or radiance (see L&N 14.49).
33 tn This verb and the next two verbs are hortatory subjunctives (giving exhortations).
37 tn Grk “And.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
38 tn The word “holding” is implied. The two clauses “having the key of the abyss” and “a huge chain in his hand” can be construed in two ways: (1) both are controlled by the participle ἔχοντα (econta) and both are modified by the phrase “in his hand” – “having in his hand the key to the abyss and a huge chain.” (2) The participle ἔχοντα refers only to the key, and the phrase “in his hand” refers only to the chain – “having the key of the abyss and holding a huge chain in his hand.” Because of the stylistic tendency in Rev to use the verb ἔχω (ecw) to mean “hold (something)” and the phrase “in his hand” forming a “bracket” along with the verb ἔχω around both the phrases in question, the first option is preferred.
41 tn Or “be anything accursed” (L&N 33.474).
42 tn Grk “in it”; the referent (the city, the new Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
43 tn Grk “city, and his.” Although this is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, a new sentence was started here in the translation because of the introduction of the Lamb’s followers.
44 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
45 tn Or “will serve.”