Revelation 10:8

10:8 Then ¹  the voice I had heard from heaven began to speak ²  to me ³  again, ⁴  “Go and take the open ⁵  scroll in the hand of the angel who is standing on the sea and on the land.”

Revelation 12:10

12:10 Then ⁶  I heard a loud voice in heaven saying,

“The salvation and the power

and the kingdom of our God,

and the ruling authority ⁷  of his Christ, ⁸  have now come,

because the accuser of our brothers and sisters, ⁹ 

the one who accuses them day and night ¹⁰  before our God,

has been thrown down.

Revelation 15:3

15:3 They ¹¹  sang the song of Moses the servant ¹²  of God and the song of the Lamb: ¹³ 

“Great and astounding are your deeds,

Lord God, the All-Powerful! ¹⁴ 

Just ¹⁵  and true are your ways,

King over the nations! ¹⁶ 

Revelation 16:19

16:19 The ¹⁷  great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations ¹⁸  collapsed. ¹⁹  So ²⁰  Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup ²¹  filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath. ²² 

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

² tn The participle λαλοῦσαν (lalousan) has been translated as “began to speak.” The use of πάλιν (palin) indicates an ingressive idea.

³ tn Grk “with me.” The translation “with me” implies that John was engaged in a dialogue with the one speaking to him (e.g., Jesus or an angel) when in reality it was a one-sided conversation, with John doing all the listening. For this reason, μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ (met’ emou, “with me”) was translated as “to me.”

⁴ tn Grk “again, saying.” The participle λέγουσαν (legousan) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

⁵ tn The perfect passive participle ἠνεῳγμένον (hnewgmenon) is in second attributive position and has been translated as an attributive adjective.

⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁷ tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.

⁸ tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”

⁹ tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelfoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.

¹⁰ tn Or “who accuses them continually.”

¹¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

¹² tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

¹³ tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

¹⁴ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

¹⁵ tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.

¹⁶ tc Certain mss (Ì⁴⁷ א*^,2 C 1006 1611 1841 pc) read “ages” (αἰώνων, aiwnwn) instead of “nations” (ἐθνῶν, eqnwn), which itself is supported by several mss (א¹ A 051 Ï). The ms evidence seems to be fairly balanced, though αἰώνων has somewhat better support. The replacement of “ages” with “nations” is possibly a scribal attempt to harmonize this verse with the use of “nations” in the following verse. On the other hand, the idea of “nations” fits well with v. 4 and it may be that “ages” is a scribal attempt to assimilate this text to 1 Tim 1:17: “the king of the ages” (βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων, basileu" twn aiwnwn). The decision is a difficult one since both scenarios deal well with the evidence, though the verbal parallel with 1 Tim 1:17 is exact while the parallel with v. 4 is not. The term “king” occurs 17 other times (most occurrences refer to earthly kings) in Revelation and it is not used with either “ages” or “nations” apart from this verse. Probably the reading “nations” should be considered original due to the influence of 1 Tim 1:17.

¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁷ tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

¹⁸ tn Grk “fell.”

¹⁹ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).

²⁰ tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).

²¹ tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.