16:10 Then 9 the fifth angel 10 poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast so that 11 darkness covered his kingdom, 12 and people 13 began to bite 14 their tongues because 15 of their pain.
16:1 Then 16 I heard a loud voice from the temple declaring to the seven angels: “Go and pour out on the earth the seven bowls containing God’s wrath.” 17
18:17 because in a single hour such great wealth has been destroyed!” 18
And every ship’s captain, 19 and all who sail along the coast 20 – seamen, and all who 21 make their living from the sea, stood a long way off
22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things, 28 and when I heard and saw them, 29 I threw myself down 30 to worship at the feet of the angel who was showing them to me.
22:18 I testify to the one who hears the words of the prophecy contained in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described 31 in this book.
5:33 Now when they heard this, they became furious 36 and wanted to execute them. 37
7:54 When they heard these things, they became furious 38 and ground their teeth 39 at him. 7:55 But Stephen, 40 full 41 of the Holy Spirit, looked intently 42 toward heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing 43 at the right hand of God. 7:56 “Look!” he said. 44 “I see the heavens opened, and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God!” 7:57 But they covered their ears, 45 shouting out with a loud voice, and rushed at him with one intent.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
2 tn This is a collective singular in Greek.
3 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
5 tn Or “authority.”
6 tn Grk “the days.”
7 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
8 tn Or “authority.”
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
10 tn Grk “the fifth”; the referent (the fifth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” to indicate the implied result of the fifth bowl being poured out.
12 tn Grk “his kingdom became dark.”
13 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
14 tn On this term BDAG 620 s.v. μασάομαι states, “bite w. acc. τὰς γλώσσας bite their tongues Rv 16:10.”
15 tn The preposition ἐκ (ek) has been translated here and twice in the following verse with a causal sense.
16 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
17 tn Or “anger.” Here τοῦ θυμοῦ (tou qumou) has been translated as a genitive of content.
18 tn On ἠρημώθη (hrhmwqh) L&N 20.41 states, “to suffer destruction, with the implication of being deserted and abandoned – ‘to be destroyed, to suffer destruction, to suffer desolation.’ ἐρημόομαι: μιᾷ ὥρᾳ ἠρημώθη ὁ τοσοῦτος πλοῦτος ‘such great wealth has been destroyed within a single hour’ Re 18:17.”
19 tn On κυβερνήτης (kubernhth") BDAG 574 s.v. 1 states, “one who is responsible for the management of a ship, shipmaster, lit. Rv 18:17.”
20 tn Or perhaps, “everyone who sails as a passenger.” On πλέων (plewn) BDAG 825 s.v. πλέω states, “πᾶς ὁ ἐπὶ τόπον πλέων everyone who sails to a place = seafarer, sea traveler…Rv 18:17. The vv.ll.…have led to various interpretations. Some render: everyone who sails along the coast…See EbNestle, Einführung in das Griech. NT 1909, 182; AFridrichsen, K. Hum. Vetensk.-Samf. i Upps. Årsb. ’43, 31 note ὁ ἐπίτοπον πλέων=one who sails occasionally, a passenger. – S. also IHeikel, StKr 106, ’34/’35, 317).”
21 tn Grk “and as many as.”
22 sn Onyx (also called sardonyx) is a semiprecious stone that comes in various colors (L&N 2.35).
23 sn Carnelian is a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).
24 sn Chrysolite refers to either quartz or topaz, golden yellow in color (L&N 2.37).
25 sn Beryl is a semiprecious stone, usually blue-green or green in color (L&N 2.38).
26 sn Chrysoprase is a greenish type of quartz (L&N 2.40).
27 sn Jacinth is a semiprecious stone, probably blue in color (also called “hyacinth,” but that translation is not used here because of possible confusion with the flower of the same name). See L&N 2.41.
28 tn Or “I am John, the one who heard and saw these things.”
29 tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
30 tn Grk “I fell down and worshiped at the feet.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
31 tn Grk “written.”
32 tn Heb “weakening the hands of.” For this idiom see BDB 951 s.v. רָפָה Pi. and compare the usage in Isa 13:7; Ezek 21:7 (21:12 HT).
33 tn Heb “by saying these things.”
34 tn The Hebrew particle כִּי (ki) has not been rendered here because it is introducing a parallel causal clause to the preceding one. To render “For” might be misunderstood as a grounds for the preceding statement. To render “And” or “Moreover” sounds a little odd here. If it must be represented, “Moreover” is perhaps the best rendering.
35 tn Or “is not looking out for these people’s best interests but is really trying to do them harm”; Heb “is not seeking the welfare [or “well-being”; Hebrew shalom] of this people but [their] harm [more literally, evil].”
36 sn The only other use of this verb for anger (furious) is Acts 7:54 after Stephen’s speech.
37 sn Wanted to execute them. The charge would surely be capital insubordination (Exod 22:28).
38 tn This verb, which also occurs in Acts 5:33, means “cut to the quick” or “deeply infuriated” (BDAG 235 s.v. διαπρίω).
39 tn Or “they gnashed their teeth.” This idiom is a picture of violent rage (BDAG 184 s.v. βρύχω). See also Ps 35:16.
40 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Stephen) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
41 tn Grk “being full,” but the participle ὑπάρχων (Juparcwn) has not been translated since it would be redundant in English.
42 tn Grk “looking intently toward heaven, saw.” The participle ἀτενίσας (atenisa") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
43 sn The picture of Jesus standing (rather than seated) probably indicates his rising to receive his child. By announcing his vision, Stephen thoroughly offended his audience, who believed no one could share God’s place in heaven. The phrase is a variation on Ps 110:1.
44 tn Grk “And he said, ‘Look!’” Because of the length of the Greek sentence and the tendency of contemporary English style to use shorter sentences, καί (kai) has not been translated here; a new sentence is begun instead.
45 sn They covered their ears to avoid hearing what they considered to be blasphemy.
46 tn Grk “becoming jealous.” The participle ζηλώσαντες (zhlwsante") has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. So elsewhere in Acts (5:17; 7:9; 13:45).
47 tn Literally ἀγοραῖος (agoraio") refers to the crowd in the marketplace, although BDAG 14-15 s.v. ἀγοραῖος 1 gives the meaning, by extension, as “rabble.” Such a description is certainly appropriate in this context. L&N 15.127 translates the phrase “worthless men from the streets.”
48 tn On this term, which is a NT hapax legomenon, see BDAG 745 s.v. ὀχλοποιέω.
49 tn BDAG 458 s.v. θορυβέω 1 has “set the city in an uproar, start a riot in the city” for the meaning of ἐθορύβουν (eqoruboun) in this verse.
50 sn The attack took place at Jason’s house because this was probably the location of the new house church.
51 tn Grk “them”; the referents (Paul and Silas) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
52 tn BDAG 223 s.v. δῆμος 2 has “in a Hellenistic city, a convocation of citizens called together for the purpose of transacting official business, popular assembly προάγειν εἰς τὸν δ. Ac 17:5.”
53 tn See BDAG 977-78 s.v. σύρω on this verb. It was used in everyday speech of dragging in fish by a net, or dragging away someone’s (presumably) dead body (Paul in Acts 14:19).
54 tn L&N 37.93 defines πολιτάρχης (politarch") as “a public official responsible for administrative matters within a town or city and a member of the ruling council of such a political unit – ‘city official’” (see also BDAG 845 s.v.).
55 tn Or “rebellion.” BDAG 72 s.v. ἀναστατόω has “disturb, trouble, upset,” but in light of the references in the following verse to political insurrection, “stirred up rebellion” would also be appropriate.
56 tn Or “the empire.” This was a way of referring to the Roman empire (BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 2.b).