12:13 Now 1 when the dragon realized 2 that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” because the clause it introduces is clearly resumptive.
2 tn Grk “saw.”
3 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn The prepositional phrase “since the foundation of the world” is traditionally translated as a modifier of the immediately preceding phrase in the Greek text, “the Lamb who was killed” (so also G. B. Caird, Revelation [HNTC], 168), but it is more likely that the phrase “since the foundation of the world” modifies the verb “written” (as translated above). Confirmation of this can be found in Rev 17:8 where the phrase “written in the book of life since the foundation of the world” occurs with no ambiguity.
5 tn Or “slaughtered”; traditionally, “slain.”
6 tn Grk “earth, telling.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek.