1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
2 tn Grk “and being tortured,” though βασανίζω (basanizw) in this context refers to birth pangs. BDAG 168 s.v. 2.b states, “Of birth-pangs (Anth. Pal. 9, 311 βάσανος has this mng.) Rv 12:2.” The καί (kai) has not been translated.
3 tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4 tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
5 tn The two ἵνα (Jina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edoqh).
6 tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states, “1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b. – 2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”
7 tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.
8 tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.
9 tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.
5 tn Grk “he himself.”
6 tn The Greek word for “anger” here is θυμός (qumos), a wordplay on the “passion” (θυμός) of the personified city of Babylon in 14:8.
7 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
7 tn Or “misled.”
8 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
9 tn The verb in this clause is elided. In keeping with the previous past tenses some translations supply a past tense verb here (“were”), but in view of the future tense that follows (“they will be tormented”), a present tense verb was used to provide a transition from the previous past tense to the future tense that follows.