1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
2 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
3 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
4 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the second beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5 tn Grk “it was given [permitted] to it [the second beast].”
6 tn Grk “breath,” but in context the point is that the image of the first beast is made to come to life and speak.
7 tn Grk “of the beast”; the word “first” has been supplied to specify the referent.
7 tn “As much as” is the translation of ὅσα (Josa).
8 tn On the term ἐστρηνίασεν (estrhniasen) BDAG 949 s.v. στρηνιάω states, “live in luxury, live sensually Rv 18:7. W. πορνεύειν vs. 9.”
9 tn Grk “said in her heart,” an idiom for saying something to oneself.
10 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
11 sn Here Death is personified (cf. 1 Cor 15:55).