15:1 Then 1 I saw another great and astounding sign in heaven: seven angels who have seven final plagues 2 (they are final because in them God’s anger is completed).
15:2 Then 3 I saw something like a sea of glass 4 mixed with fire, and those who had conquered 5 the beast and his image and the number of his name. They were standing 6 by 7 the sea of glass, holding harps given to them by God. 8 15:3 They 9 sang the song of Moses the servant 10 of God and the song of the Lamb: 11
“Great and astounding are your deeds,
Lord God, the All-Powerful! 12
Just 13 and true are your ways,
King over the nations! 14
15:4 Who will not fear you, O Lord,
and glorify 15 your name, because you alone are holy? 16
All nations 17 will come and worship before you
for your righteous acts 18 have been revealed.”
15:5 After 19 these things I looked, and the temple (the tent 20 of the testimony) 21 was opened in heaven, 15:6 and the seven angels who had the seven plagues came out of the temple, dressed in clean bright linen, wearing wide golden belts 22 around their chests. 15:7 Then 23 one of the four living creatures gave the seven angels seven golden bowls filled with the wrath 24 of God who lives forever and ever,
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
2 tn Grk “seven plagues – the last ones.”
3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
4 sn See Rev 4:6 where the sea of glass was mentioned previously.
5 tn Or “had been victorious over”; traditionally, “had overcome.”
6 tn Grk “of his name, standing.” A new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were.”
7 tn Or “on.” The preposition ἐπί (epi) with the accusative case could mean “on, at, by, near”; given the nature of this scene appearing in a vision, it is difficult to know precisely which the author of Revelation intended. See BDAG 363 s.v. ἐπί 1.c.γ, “At, by, near someone or someth.”
8 tn Grk “harps of God.” The phrase τοῦ θεοῦ (tou qeou) has been translated as a genitive of agency.
9 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
10 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
11 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
12 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
13 tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.
14 tc Certain
15 tn Or “and praise.”
16 sn Because you alone are holy. In the Greek text the sentence literally reads “because alone holy.” Three points can be made in connection with John’s language here: (1) Omitting the second person, singular verb “you are” lays stress on the attribute of God’s holiness. (2) The juxtaposition of alone with holy stresses the unique nature of God’s holiness and complete “otherness” in relationship to his creation. It is not just moral purity which is involved in the use of the term holy, though it certainly includes that. It is also the pervasive OT idea that although God is deeply involved in the governing of his creation, he is to be regarded as separate and distinct from it. (3) John’s use of the term holy is also intriguing since it is the term ὅσιος (Josios) and not the more common NT term ἅγιος (Jagios). The former term evokes images of Christ’s messianic status in early Christian preaching. Both Peter in Acts 2:27 and Paul in Acts 13:35 apply Psalm 16:10 (LXX) to Jesus, referring to him as the “holy one” (ὅσιος). It is also the key term in Acts 13:34 (Isa 55:3 [LXX]) where it refers to the “holy blessings” (i.e., forgiveness and justification) brought about through Jesus in fulfillment of Davidic promise. Thus, in Rev 15:3-4, when John refers to God as “holy,” using the term ὅσιος in a context where the emphasis is on both God and Christ, there might be an implicit connection between divinity and the Messiah. This is bolstered by the fact that the Lamb is referred to in other contexts as the King of Kings and Lord of Lords (cf. 1:5; 17:14; 19:16 and perhaps 11:15; G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 796-97).
17 tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
18 tn Or perhaps, “your sentences of condemnation.” On δικαίωμα (dikaiwma) in this context BDAG 249 s.v. 2. states, “righteous deed…δι᾿ ἑνὸς δικαιώματος (opp. παράπτωμα) Ro 5:18. – B 1:2 (cp. Wengst, Barnabas-brief 196, n.4); Rv 15:4 (here perh.= ‘sentence of condemnation’ [cp. Pla., Leg. 9, 864e; ins fr. Asia Minor: LBW 41, 2 [κατὰ] τὸ δι[καί]ωμα τὸ κυρω[θέν]= ‘acc. to the sentence which has become valid’]; difft. Wengst, s. above); 19:8.”
19 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
20 tn On this term BDAG 928 s.v. σκηνή 1.b.α states, “ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου the Tabernacle or Tent of Testimony (Ex 27:21; 29:4; Lev 1:1; Num 1:1 and oft.…) Ac 7:44; 1 Cl 43:2, 5,” and then continues in section 2 to state, “Rv 15:5 speaks of a ναὸς τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ. God’s σκ.= dwelling is in heaven 13:6, and will some time be among humans 21:3.”
21 tn Grk “the temple of the tent of the testimony” (ὁ ναός τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου, Jo naos ths skhnhs tou marturiou). The genitive “of the tent” is probably an appositional genitive and should be rendered as “the temple, which is the tent.” The entire expression, then, would be “the temple which is the tent of testimony,” that is, “the heavenly equivalent of the tent or tabernacle that was with Israel in the wilderness” (G. K. Beale, Revelation [NIGTC], 801-2).
22 tn Or “wide golden sashes,” but these would not be diagonal, as some modern sashes are, but horizontal. The Greek term can refer to a wide band of cloth or leather worn on the outside of one’s clothing (L&N 6.178).
23 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
24 tn Or “anger.”