1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
2 sn According to the next verse, these three unclean spirits are spirits of demons.
3 tn Grk “in their mouth was not found a lie.”
4 tc Several
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.
6 tn Grk “the earth helped the woman.”
7 tn Grk “the earth opened its mouth” (a metaphor for the ground splitting open).
7 tn Or “I intend.”
8 tn This is the literal meaning of the Greek verb ἐμέω (emew). It is usually translated with a much weaker term like “spit out” due to the unpleasant connotations of the English verb “vomit,” as noted by L&N 23.44. The situation confronting the Laodicean church is a dire one, however, and such a term is necessary if the modern reader is to understand the gravity of the situation.
9 tc The “therefore” (οὖν, oun) is not found in א 2053 2329 2351 ÏA or the Latin
10 tn Grk “with them”; the referent (those people who follow the teaching of Balaam and the Nicolaitans) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
12 tn Grk “so that he might make her swept away.”
13 tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
14 tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.
15 tn Grk “to it was granted.”
16 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the permission granted to the beast.
16 tn Grk “he” (or “it”); the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
17 tc The reading “and his dwelling place” does not occur in codex C, but its omission is probably due to scribal oversight since the phrase has the same ending as the phrase before it, i.e., they both end in “his” (αὐτοῦ, autou). This is similar to the mistake this scribe made in 12:14 with the omission of the reading “and half a time” (καὶ ἥμισυ καιροῦ, kai {hmisu kairou).
17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the parenthetical nature of the following description of the beast.
18 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
19 tn Grk “gave it”; the referent (the beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
20 tn For the translation “authority to rule” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
19 tn Grk “and having.” In the Greek text this is a continuation of the previous sentence, but because contemporary English style employs much shorter sentences, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the pronoun “he.”
20 tn This is a continuation of the previous sentence in the Greek text, but a new sentence was started here in the translation.
21 tn The phrase ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ καπνοῦ καὶ τοῦ θείου τοῦ ἐκπορευομένου ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν (“by the fire, the smoke, and the sulfur that came out of their mouths”) is taken as epexegetical (explanatory) to the phrase τῶν τριῶν πληγῶν τούτων (“these three plagues”).
23 tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”
24 tn Grk “is.”
25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the instructions given by the angel.
26 tn Grk “it was.” The idea of taste is implied.
27 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
27 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
28 tn This is a collective singular in Greek.
29 tn See L&N 20.45 for the translation of κατεσθίω (katesqiw) as “to destroy utterly, to consume completely.”
30 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
29 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
30 tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”
31 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of the description of the horses and riders, which is somewhat parenthetical in the narrative.
32 tn Grk “and those seated on them.”
33 tn Grk “the vision”; the Greek article has been translated as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
34 tn L&N 79.31 states, “‘fiery red’ (probably with a tinge of yellow or orange).”
35 tn On this term BDAG 1022 s.v. ὑακίνθινος states, “hyacinth-colored, i.e. dark blue (dark red?) w. πύρινος Rv 9:17.”
36 tn On this term BDAG 446 s.v. θειώδης states, “sulphurous Rv 9:17.”
37 sn The colors of the riders’ breastplates parallel the three plagues of fire, smoke, and sulfur in v. 18.
38 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
39 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
33 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the instructions given by the voice.
34 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
35 tn The words “the scroll” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
36 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
35 tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
36 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
37 tn Grk “will shepherd.”
38 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
39 sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.
40 tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).
41 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”