1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.
2 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
3 tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
5 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
6 tn Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “weighing a talent…χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) (weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21.” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.
7 tn Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.
8 tn Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).
9 tn Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.
10 tn Grk “the plague of it.”
11 tn Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”