Revelation 17:2

17:2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” ¹ 

Revelation 18:3

18:3 For all the nations ²  have fallen ³  from

the wine of her immoral passion, ⁴ 

and the kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality with her,

and the merchants of the earth have gotten rich from the power of her sensual behavior.” ⁵ 

Revelation 18:9

18:9 Then ⁶  the kings of the earth who committed immoral acts with her and lived in sensual luxury ⁷  with her will weep and wail for her when they see the smoke from the fire that burns her up. ⁸ 

Revelation 19:18-21

19:18 to eat ⁹  your fill ¹⁰  of the flesh of kings,

the flesh of generals, ¹¹ 

the flesh of powerful people,

the flesh of horses and those who ride them,

and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, ¹² 

and small and great!”

19:19 Then ¹³  I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies assembled to do battle with the one who rode the horse and with his army. 19:20 Now ¹⁴  the beast was seized, and along with him the false prophet who had performed the signs on his behalf ¹⁵  – signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. Both of them were thrown alive into the lake of fire burning with sulfur. ¹⁶  19:21 The ¹⁷  others were killed by the sword that extended from the mouth of the one who rode the horse, and all the birds gorged ¹⁸  themselves with their flesh.

Ezekiel 16:37-41

16:37 therefore, take note: I am about to gather all your lovers whom you enjoyed, both all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around, and I will expose your nakedness to them, and they will see all your nakedness. ¹⁹  16:38 I will punish you as an adulteress and murderer deserves. ²⁰  I will avenge your bloody deeds with furious rage. ²¹  16:39 I will give you into their hands and they will destroy your chambers and tear down your pavilions. They will strip you of your clothing and take your beautiful jewelry and leave you naked and bare. 16:40 They will summon a mob who will stone you and hack you in pieces with their swords. 16:41 They will burn down your houses and execute judgments on you in front of many women. Thus I will put a stop to your prostitution, and you will no longer give gifts to your clients. ²² 

Ezekiel 23:29

23:29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for, ²³  and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct. ²⁴ 

Ezekiel 23:45-48

23:45 But upright men will punish them appropriately for their adultery and bloodshed, ²⁵  because they are adulteresses and blood is on their hands.

23:46 “For this is what the sovereign Lord says: Bring up an army ²⁶  against them and subject them ²⁷  to terror and plunder. 23:47 That army will pelt them with stones and slash them with their swords; they will kill their sons and daughters and burn their houses. ²⁸  23:48 I will put an end to the obscene conduct in the land; all the women will learn a lesson from this and not engage in obscene conduct.

¹ tn This is the same word translated “sexual immorality” earlier in the verse, but here the qualifier “sexual” has not been repeated for stylistic reasons.

² tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).

³ tc ‡ Several mss (א A C 1006* 1611 1841 2030 Ï^K), including the best witnesses, read “have fallen” (πεπτώκασιν or πέπτωκαν [peptwkasin or peptwkan]). The singular πέπτωκεν (peptwken), which is better grammatically with the neuter plural subject πάντα τὰ ἔθνη (panta ta eqnh, “all the nations”), is read by 1854 2062 pc; 2042 pc read πεπότικεν (pepotiken). A few mss (1006^c 2329 pc latt sy^h) read “have drunk” (πέπωκαν/πεπώκασιν, pepwkan/pepwkasin); the singular πέπωκεν (pepwken) is read by P 051 1 2053* al. The more difficult reading and that which has the best ms support is “have fallen.” That it is not too difficult is evidenced by the fact that the great majority of Byzantine minuscules, which have a tendency to smooth out problems, left it stand as is. Nonetheless, it is somewhat difficult (TCGNT 683 says that this reading is “scarcely suitable in the context”), and for that reason certain mss seem to have changed it to “have drunk” to agree with the idea of “wine” (οἴνου, oinou). One can understand how this could happen: A scribe coming to the text and seeing the term “wine” expects a verb of drinking. When he sees “have fallen” and knows that in Greek the verbs “have fallen” and “have drunk” are spelled similarly, he concludes that there has been a slip of the pen in the ms he is using, which he then seeks to correct back to the “have drunk” reading. This appears to be more reasonable than to conclude that three early uncials (i.e., א A C) as well as a great number of other witnesses all felt the need to change “have drunk” (πέπωκαν) to “have fallen” (πέπτωκαν), even if “fallen” occurs in the immediate context (“fallen, fallen, [ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν, epesen epesen] Babylon the great” in the preceding verse). The preferred reading, on both external and internal grounds, is “have fallen,” and thus the Seer intends to focus on the effects of wine, namely, a drunken stupor.

⁴ tn See the notes on the words “passion” in Rev 14:8 and “wrath” in 16:19.

⁵ tn According to BDAG 949 s.v. στρῆνος and στρηνιάω, these terms can refer either to luxury or sensuality. In the context of Rev 18, however (as L&N 88.254 indicate) the stress is on gratification of the senses by sexual immorality, so that meaning was emphasized in the translation here.

⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

⁷ tn On the term ἐστρηνίασεν (estrhniasen) BDAG 949 s.v. στρηνιάω states, “live in luxury, live sensually Rv 18:7. W. πορνεύειν vs. 9.”

⁸ tn Grk “from the burning of her.” For the translation “the smoke from the fire that burns her up,” see L&N 14.63.

⁹ tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.

¹⁰ tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.

¹¹ tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

¹² tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

¹⁴ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of an unexpected development in the account: The opposing armies do not come together in battle; rather the leader of one side is captured.

¹⁵ tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”

¹⁶ tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”

¹⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁸ tn On the translation of ἐχορτάσθησαν (ecortasqhsan) BDAG 1087 s.v. χορτάζω 1.a states, “of animals, pass. in act. sense πάντα τὰ ὄρνεα ἐχορτάσθησαν ἐκ τῶν σαρκῶν αὐτῶν all the birds gorged themselves with their flesh Rv 19:21 (cp. TestJud. 21:8).”

¹⁹ sn Harlots suffered degradation when their nakedness was exposed (Jer 13:22, 26; Hos 2:12; Nah 3:5).

²⁰ tn Heb “and I will judge you (with) the judgments of adulteresses and of those who shed blood.”

²¹ tn Heb “and I will give you the blood of rage and zeal.”

²² tn The words “to your clients” are not in the Hebrew text but are implied.

²³ tn The Hebrew term means “labor,” but by extension it can also refer to that for which one works.

²⁴ tn Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”

²⁵ tn Heb “and upright men will judge them (with) the judgment of adulteresses and the judgment of those who shed blood.”

²⁶ tn Heb “assembly.”

²⁷ tn Heb “give them to.”

²⁸ tn The Hebrew text adds “with fire.”