18:24 The 5 blood of the saints and prophets was found in her, 6
along with the blood 7 of all those who had been killed on the earth.”
19:8 She was permitted to be dressed in bright, clean, fine linen” 8 (for the fine linen is the righteous deeds of the saints). 9
18:20 (Rejoice over her, O heaven,
and you saints and apostles and prophets,
for God has pronounced judgment 15 against her on your behalf!) 16
21:22 Now 18 I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God – the All-Powerful 19 – and the Lamb are its temple.
1 tn The word “others” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
2 tn On this term BDAG 252 s.v. διπλόω states, “to double τὰ διπλᾶ pay back double Rv 18:6.”
3 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and contemporary English style.
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to bring out the contrast present in this woman’s obstinate refusal to repent.
5 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
6 tn The shift in pronouns from second to third person corresponds to the Greek text.
7 tn Grk “and of all.” The phrase “along with the blood” has been repeated from the previous clause for stylistic reasons.
7 tn On the term translated “fine linen,” BDAG 185 s.v. βύσσινος states, “made of fine linen, subst. τὸ β. fine linen, linen garment…Rv 18:12…16; 19:8, 14.”
8 sn This phrase is treated as a parenthetical explanation by the author.
9 tn The word “this” is used to translate the Greek article τῆς (ths), bringing out its demonstrative force.
10 tn The word “aloud” has been supplied to indicate that in the original historical setting reading would usually refer to reading out loud in public rather than silently to oneself.
11 tn The words “blessed are” are repeated from the beginning of this verse for stylistic reasons and for clarity.
12 tn Grk “keep.” L&N 36.19 has “to continue to obey orders or commandments – ‘to obey, to keep commandments, obedience.’”
13 sn The time refers to the time when the things prophesied would happen.
11 tn On the phrase “pronounced judgment” BDAG 567 s.v. κρίμα 4.b states, “The OT is the source of the expr. κρίνειν τὸ κρ. (cp. Zech 7:9; 8:16; Ezk 44:24) ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her or God has pronounced on her the judgment she wished to impose on you (HHoltzmann, Hdb. 1893 ad loc.) Rv 18:20.”
12 tn Grk “God has judged a judgment of you of her.” Verse 20 is set in parentheses because in it the saints, etc. are addressed directly in the second person.
13 sn This statement appears to be a parenthetical comment by the author.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic. Every verse from here to the end of this chapter begins with καί in Greek, but due to differences between Greek and contemporary English style, these have not been translated.
16 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
17 tn Or “be anything accursed” (L&N 33.474).
18 tn Grk “in it”; the referent (the city, the new Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
19 tn Grk “city, and his.” Although this is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, a new sentence was started here in the translation because of the introduction of the Lamb’s followers.
20 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
21 tn Or “will serve.”
19 tn On this phrase see BDAG 1092 s.v. χρόνος.
21 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
22 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
23 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
23 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the second beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
24 tn Grk “it was given [permitted] to it [the second beast].”
25 tn Grk “breath,” but in context the point is that the image of the first beast is made to come to life and speak.
26 tn Grk “of the beast”; the word “first” has been supplied to specify the referent.
25 tn “As much as” is the translation of ὅσα (Josa).
26 tn On the term ἐστρηνίασεν (estrhniasen) BDAG 949 s.v. στρηνιάω states, “live in luxury, live sensually Rv 18:7. W. πορνεύειν vs. 9.”
27 tn Grk “said in her heart,” an idiom for saying something to oneself.
27 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
28 sn Here Death is personified (cf. 1 Cor 15:55).
29 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
30 tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
31 tn Grk “fell.”
32 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).
33 tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).
34 tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.
31 tn Or “the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
32 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
33 tn Grk “will shepherd.”
34 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rJabdo") can mean either “rod” or “scepter.”
35 sn He stomps the winepress. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process), and Rev 14:20.
36 tn The genitive θυμοῦ (qumou) has been translated as an attributed genitive. Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumos) and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9).
37 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”