Revelation 2:18

To the Church in Thyatira

2:18 “To ¹  the angel of the church in Thyatira write the following: ² 

“This is the solemn pronouncement of ³  the Son of God, the one who has eyes like a fiery flame ⁴  and whose feet are like polished bronze: ⁵ 

Ezekiel 1:7

1:7 Their legs were straight, but the soles of their feet were like calves’ feet. They gleamed ⁶  like polished bronze.

Ezekiel 40:3

40:3 When he brought me there, I saw ⁷  a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring stick in his hand. He was standing in the gateway.

Daniel 10:6

10:6 His body resembled yellow jasper, ⁸  and his face had an appearance like lightning. His eyes were like blazing torches; ⁹  his arms and feet had the gleam of polished bronze. His voice ¹⁰  thundered forth like the sound of a large crowd.

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated due to differences between Greek and English style.

² tn The phrase “the following” after “write” is supplied to clarify that what follows is the content of what is to be written.

³ tn Grk “These things says [the One]…” See the note on the phrase “this is the solemn pronouncement of” in 2:1.

⁴ tn Grk “a flame of fire.” The Greek term πυρός (puros) has been translated as an attributive genitive.

⁵ tn The precise meaning of the term translated “polished bronze” (χαλκολιβάνῳ, calkolibanw), which appears no where else in Greek literature outside of the book of Revelation (see 1:15), is uncertain. Without question it is some sort of metal. BDAG 1076 s.v. χαλκολίβανον suggests “fine brass/bronze.” L&N 2.57 takes the word to refer to particularly valuable or fine bronze, but notes that the emphasis here and in Rev 1:15 is more on the lustrous quality of the metal.

⁶ sn The Hebrew verb translated gleamed occurs only here in the OT.

⁷ tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.

⁸ tn The Hebrew word translated “yellow jasper” is תַּרשִׁישׁ (tarshish); it appears to be a semiprecious stone, but its exact identity is somewhat uncertain. It may be the yellow jasper, although this is conjectural. Cf. NAB, NIV “chrysolite”; NASB, NRSV “beryl.”

⁹ tn Heb “torches of fire.”

¹⁰ tn Heb “The sound of his words” (cf. v. 9).