1 tn The words “There are” have been supplied to make a complete English sentence. This is a continuation of the previous sentence, a lengthy and complicated one in Greek.
2 tn The word “side” has been supplied four times in this verse for clarity.
3 tn The phrase ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ καπνοῦ καὶ τοῦ θείου τοῦ ἐκπορευομένου ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν (“by the fire, the smoke, and the sulfur that came out of their mouths”) is taken as epexegetical (explanatory) to the phrase τῶν τριῶν πληγῶν τούτων (“these three plagues”).
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
6 sn According to the next verse, these three unclean spirits are spirits of demons.
7 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
8 tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
9 tn Grk “fell.”
10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).
11 tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).
12 tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.
9 tn The word “every” is not in the Greek text, but is implied by the following list.
10 tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated before this and the following items in the list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
11 tn Or “to be buried.”
11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
12 tn Grk “fell upon.”
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
14 tn BDAG 1086 s.v. χοῖνιξ states, “a dry measure, oft. used for grain, approximately equivalent to one quart or one liter, quart. A χ.of grain was a daily ration for one pers.…Rv 6:6ab.”
15 tn Grk “a quart of wheat for a denarius.” A denarius was one day’s pay for an average worker. The words “will cost” are used to indicate the genitive of price or value; otherwise the English reader could understand the phrase to mean “a quart of wheat to be given as a day’s pay.”
16 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
16 tn Grk “one eagle.”
17 tc ÏA reads “angel” (ἀγγέλου, angelou) instead of “eagle” (ἀετοῦ, aetou), a reading strongly supported by {א A 046 ÏK and several versions}. On external grounds, ἀετοῦ is clearly the superior reading. ἀγγέλου could have arisen inadvertently due to similarities in spelling or sound between ἀετοῦ and ἀγγέλου. It may also have been intentional in order to bring this statement in line with 14:6 where an angel is mentioned as the one flying in midair. This seems a more likely reason, strengthened by the facts that the book only mentions eagles two other times (4:7; 12:14). Further, the immediate as well as broad context is replete with references to angels.
18 tn Concerning the word μεσουράνημα (mesouranhma), L&N 1.10 states, “a point or region of the sky directly above the earth – ‘high in the sky, midpoint in the sky, directly overhead, straight above in the sky.’ εἶδον, καὶ ἤκουσα ἑνὸς ἁετοῦ πετομένου ἐν μεσουρανήματι ‘I looked, and I heard an eagle that was flying overhead in the sky’ Re 8:13.”
19 tn Grk “about to sound their trumpets,” but this is redundant in English.
17 tn The word “authority” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. “Power” would be another alternative that could be supplied here.
19 tn Grk “and the woman,” which would be somewhat redundant in English.
20 tn Or “desert.”
21 tn Grk “where she has there a place prepared by God.”
22 tn Grk “so they can take care of her.”
21 tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
22 tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.
23 tn Grk “to it was granted.”
24 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
23 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
24 tn On the term αὐλήν (aulhn) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple…Rv 11:2.”
25 tn The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν (ekbale exwqen) is difficult to determine.
26 tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
27 sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.
26 tn Or “desert.”
27 tn The word “God” is supplied based on the previous statements made concerning “the place prepared for the woman” in 12:6.
28 tc The reading “and half a time” (καὶ ἥμισυ καιροῦ, kai {hmisu kairou) is lacking in the important uncial C. Its inclusion, however, is supported by {Ì47 א A and the rest of the ms tradition}. There is apparently no reason for the scribe of C to intentionally omit the phrase, and the fact that the word “time” (καιρὸν καὶ καιρούς, kairon kai kairou") appears twice before may indicate a scribal oversight.