4:9 And whenever the living creatures give glory, honor, 7 and thanks to the one who sits on the throne, who lives forever and ever, 4:10 the twenty-four elders throw themselves to the ground 8 before the one who sits on the throne and worship the one who lives forever and ever, and they offer their crowns 9 before his 10 throne, saying:
4:11 “You are worthy, our Lord and God,
to receive glory and honor and power,
since you created all things,
and because of your will they existed and were created!” 11
5:13 Then 14 I heard every creature – in heaven, on earth, under the earth, in the sea, and all that is in them – singing: 15
“To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb
be praise, honor, glory, and ruling power 16 forever and ever!”
5:14 And the four living creatures were saying “Amen,” and the elders threw themselves to the ground 17 and worshiped.
21:5 And the one seated on the throne said: “Look! I am making all things new!” Then 18 he said to me, “Write it down, 19 because these words are reliable 20 and true.”
1 tn Or “in the spirit.” “Spirit” could refer either to the Holy Spirit or the human spirit, but in either case John was in “a state of spiritual exaltation best described as a trance” (R. H. Mounce, Revelation [NICNT], 75).
2 tn Grk “and behold.” The Greek word ἰδού (idou) at the beginning of this statement has not been translated because it has no exact English equivalent here, but adds interest and emphasis (BDAG 468 s.v. 1).
3 tn BDAG 537 s.v. κεῖμαι 2 gives the translation “stand” for the term in this verse.
4 tn Grk “jasper stone.”
5 sn Carnelian was a semiprecious gemstone, usually red in color (L&N 2.36).
6 tn Or “a rainbow emerald-like in appearance.”
7 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
8 tn Grk “the twenty-four elders fall down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
9 sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.
10 tn The pronoun “his” is understood from the demonstrative force of the article τοῦ (tou) before θρόνου (qronou).
11 tc The past tense of “they existed” (ἦσαν, hsan) and the order of the expression “they existed and were created” seems backwards both logically and chronologically. The text as it stands is the more difficult reading and seems to have given rise to codex A omitting the final “they were created,” 2329 replacing “they existed” (ἦσαν) with “have come into being” (ἐγένοντο, egeneto), and 046 adding οὐκ (ouk, “not”) before ἦσαν (“they did not exist, [but were created]”). Several
12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
13 tn The words “the scroll” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
14 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
15 tn Grk “saying.”
16 tn Or “dominion.”
17 tn Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”
18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
19 tn The words “it down” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context.
20 tn Grk “faithful.”