Revelation 4:4

4:4 In ¹  a circle around the throne were twenty-four other thrones, and seated on those thrones were twenty-four elders. They were ²  dressed in white clothing and had golden crowns ³  on their heads.

Revelation 4:10

4:10 the twenty-four elders throw themselves to the ground ⁴  before the one who sits on the throne and worship the one who lives forever and ever, and they offer their crowns ⁵  before his ⁶  throne, saying:

Revelation 5:5

5:5 Then ⁷  one of the elders said ⁸  to me, “Stop weeping! ⁹  Look, the Lion of the tribe of Judah, the root of David, has conquered; ¹⁰  thus he can open ¹¹  the scroll and its seven seals.”

Revelation 5:8

5:8 and when he had taken the scroll, the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders threw themselves to the ground ¹²  before the Lamb. Each ¹³  of them had a harp and golden bowls full of incense (which are the prayers of the saints). ¹⁴ 

Revelation 5:11

5:11 Then ¹⁵  I looked and heard the voice of many angels in a circle around the throne, as well as the living creatures and the elders. Their ¹⁶  number was ten thousand times ten thousand ¹⁷  – thousands times thousands –

Revelation 6:10

6:10 They ¹⁸  cried out with a loud voice, ¹⁹  “How long, ²⁰  Sovereign Master, ²¹  holy and true, before you judge those who live on the earth and avenge our blood?”

Revelation 7:11

7:11 And all the angels stood ²²  there in a circle around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground ²³  before the throne and worshiped God,

Revelation 15:3

15:3 They ²⁴  sang the song of Moses the servant ²⁵  of God and the song of the Lamb: ²⁶ 

“Great and astounding are your deeds,

Lord God, the All-Powerful! ²⁷ 

Just ²⁸  and true are your ways,

King over the nations! ²⁹ 

Revelation 19:18

19:18 to eat ³⁰  your fill ³¹  of the flesh of kings,

the flesh of generals, ³² 

the flesh of powerful people,

the flesh of horses and those who ride them,

and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, ³³ 

and small and great!”

¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

² tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation by supplying the words “They were” to indicate the connection to the preceding material.

³ sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.

⁴ tn Grk “the twenty-four elders fall down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

⁵ sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.

⁶ tn The pronoun “his” is understood from the demonstrative force of the article τοῦ (tou) before θρόνου (qronou).

⁷ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.

⁸ tn Grk “says” (a historical present).

⁹ tn The present imperative with μή (mh) is used here to command cessation of an action in progress (ExSyn 724 lists this verse as an example).

¹⁰ tn Or “has been victorious”; traditionally, “has overcome.”

¹¹ tn The infinitive has been translated as an infinitive of result here.

¹⁰ tn Grk “fell down.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

¹¹ tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

¹² sn This interpretive comment by the author forms a parenthesis in the narrative.

¹³ tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.

¹⁴ tn Grk “elders, and the number of them was.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

¹⁵ tn Or “myriads of myriads.” Although μυριάς (murias) literally means “10,000,” the point of the combination here may simply be to indicate an incalculably huge number. See L&N 60.9.

¹⁶ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.

¹⁷ tn Grk “voice, saying”; the participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated here.

¹⁸ tn The expression ἕως πότε (ews pote) was translated “how long.” Cf. BDAG 423 s.v. ἕως 1.b.γ.

¹⁹ tn The Greek term here is δεσπότης (despoths; see L&N 37.63).

¹⁹ tn The verb is pluperfect, but the force is simple past. See ExSyn 586.

²⁰ tn Grk “they fell down on their faces.” BDAG 815 s.v. πίπτω 1.b.α.ב. has “fall down, throw oneself to the ground as a sign of devotion or humility, before high-ranking persons or divine beings.”

²² tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

²³ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.

²⁴ tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.

²⁵ tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”

²⁶ tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.

²⁷ tc Certain mss (Ì⁴⁷ א*^,2 C 1006 1611 1841 pc) read “ages” (αἰώνων, aiwnwn) instead of “nations” (ἐθνῶν, eqnwn), which itself is supported by several mss (א¹ A 051 Ï). The ms evidence seems to be fairly balanced, though αἰώνων has somewhat better support. The replacement of “ages” with “nations” is possibly a scribal attempt to harmonize this verse with the use of “nations” in the following verse. On the other hand, the idea of “nations” fits well with v. 4 and it may be that “ages” is a scribal attempt to assimilate this text to 1 Tim 1:17: “the king of the ages” (βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰώνων, basileu" twn aiwnwn). The decision is a difficult one since both scenarios deal well with the evidence, though the verbal parallel with 1 Tim 1:17 is exact while the parallel with v. 4 is not. The term “king” occurs 17 other times (most occurrences refer to earthly kings) in Revelation and it is not used with either “ages” or “nations” apart from this verse. Probably the reading “nations” should be considered original due to the influence of 1 Tim 1:17.

²⁵ tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.

²⁶ tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.

²⁷ tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).

²⁸ tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.