In 2 the middle of the throne 3 and around the throne were four living creatures 4 full of eyes in front and in back.
5:13 Then 5 I heard every creature – in heaven, on earth, under the earth, in the sea, and all that is in them – singing: 6
“To the one seated on the throne and to the Lamb
be praise, honor, glory, and ruling power 7 forever and ever!”
11:1 Then 12 a measuring rod 13 like a staff was given to me, and I was told, 14 “Get up and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and the ones who worship there.
17:15 Then 19 the angel 20 said to me, “The waters you saw (where the prostitute is seated) are peoples, multitudes, 21 nations, and languages.
21:1 Then 22 I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had ceased to exist, 23 and the sea existed no more.
1 tn This could refer to rock crystal, but it is possible this refers to ice (an older meaning). See BDAG 571 s.v. κρύσταλλος.
2 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
3 tn Perhaps, “in the middle of the throne area” (see L&N 83.10).
4 tn On the meaning of ζῴον (zwon) BDAG 431 s.v. 2 states, “Of the four peculiar beings at God’s throne, whose description Rv 4:6-9 reminds one of the ζῷα in Ezk 1:5ff, the cherubim. S. also Rv 5:6, 8, 11, 14; 6:1, 3, 5-7; 7:11; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4.”
5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
6 tn Grk “saying.”
7 tn Or “dominion.”
9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
10 tn The Greek article τήν (thn) has been translated with demonstrative force here.
11 tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated here and before the following term “month” since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
12 tn Grk “so that they might kill,” but the English infinitive is an equivalent construction to indicate purpose here.
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
14 tn Grk “a reed” (but these were used for measuring). Cf. Ezek 40:3ff.
15 tn Grk “saying.”
17 tn Grk “and there was given to him.” Here the passive construction has been simplified, the referent (the beast) has been specified for clarity, and καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
18 tn For the translation “proud words” (Grk “great things” or “important things”) see BDAG 624 s.v. μέγας 4.b.
19 tn Grk “to it was granted.”
20 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
21 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
22 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
23 tn Grk “and multitudes,” but καί (kai) has not been translated here and before the following term since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
25 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
26 tn For the translation of ἀπέρχομαι (apercomai; here ἀπῆλθαν [aphlqan]) L&N 13.93 has “to go out of existence – ‘to cease to exist, to pass away, to cease.’”
29 tn Or “be anything accursed” (L&N 33.474).
30 tn Grk “in it”; the referent (the city, the new Jerusalem) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
31 tn Grk “city, and his.” Although this is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, a new sentence was started here in the translation because of the introduction of the Lamb’s followers.
32 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
33 tn Or “will serve.”