9:1 Then 18 the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky 19 to the earth, and he was given the key to the shaft of the abyss. 20
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of hearing the voice summon the first rider.
2 tc The reading “and I looked” (καὶ εἶδον, kai eidon) or some slight variation (e.g., ἶδον, idon) has excellent ms support ({א A C P 1611}) and its omission seems to come through the
3 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
5 tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”
6 sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.
7 tn The participle νικῶν (nikwn) has been translated as substantival, the subject of the verb ἐξῆλθεν (exhlqen). Otherwise, as an adverbial participle of manner, it is somewhat redundant: “he rode out conquering and to conquer.”
8 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
9 tn Grk “until they had been completed.” The idea of a certain “number” of people is implied by the subject of πληρωθῶσιν (plhrwqwsin).
10 tn Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) has been translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
16 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12…simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
17 tn Grk “having,” but v. 3 makes it clear that the angel’s purpose is to seal others with the seal he carries.
18 tn Or “signet” (L&N 6.54).
19 tn Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
20 tn The word “permission” is implied; Grk “to whom it was given to them to damage the earth.”
21 tn Grk “saying.” The participle λέγων (legwn) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
23 tn Or “from heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
24 tn On this term BDAG 2 s.v. ἄβυσσος 2 states, “netherworld, abyss, esp. the abode of the dead Ro 10:7 (Ps 106:26) and of demons Lk 8:31; dungeon where the devil is kept Rv 20:3; abode of the θηρίον, the Antichrist 11:7; 17:8; of ᾿Αβαδδών (q.v.), the angel of the underworld 9:11…φρέαρ τῆς ἀ. 9:1f; capable of being sealed 9:1; 20:1, 3.”
29 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
30 tn On the term αὐλήν (aulhn) BDAG 150 s.v. αὐλή 1 states, “(outer) court of the temple…Rv 11:2.”
31 tn The precise meaning of the phrase ἔκβαλε ἔξωθεν (ekbale exwqen) is difficult to determine.
32 tn Or “to the nations” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
33 sn The holy city appears to be a reference to Jerusalem. See also Luke 21:24.
36 tn Grk “it”; the referent (the second beast) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
37 tn Grk “it was given [permitted] to it [the second beast].”
38 tn Grk “breath,” but in context the point is that the image of the first beast is made to come to life and speak.
39 tn Grk “of the beast”; the word “first” has been supplied to specify the referent.