7:1 After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth so no wind could blow on the earth, on the sea, or on any tree.
16:12 Then 32 the sixth angel 33 poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates and dried up its water 34 to prepare the way 35 for the kings from the east. 36
19:18 to eat 37 your fill 38 of the flesh of kings,
the flesh of generals, 39
the flesh of powerful people,
the flesh of horses and those who ride them,
and the flesh of all people, both free and slave, 40
and small and great!”
22:14 Blessed are those who wash their robes so they can have access 44 to the tree of life and can enter into the city by the gates.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of hearing the voice summon the first rider.
2 tc The reading “and I looked” (καὶ εἶδον, kai eidon) or some slight variation (e.g., ἶδον, idon) has excellent ms support ({א A C P 1611}) and its omission seems to come through the
3 tn The phrase “and here came” expresses the sense of καὶ ἰδού (kai idou).
4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
5 tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”
6 sn See the note on the word crown in Rev 3:11.
7 tn The participle νικῶν (nikwn) has been translated as substantival, the subject of the verb ἐξῆλθεν (exhlqen). Otherwise, as an adverbial participle of manner, it is somewhat redundant: “he rode out conquering and to conquer.”
8 tn L&N 79.31 states, “‘fiery red’ (probably with a tinge of yellow or orange).”
9 tn Grk “the one sitting on it.”
10 tn The word “permission” is implied; Grk “it was given to him to take peace from the earth.”
11 tn BDAG 979 s.v. σφάζω states, “Of the killing of a person by violence…σφάζειν τινά butcher or murder someone (4 Km 10:7; Jer 52:10; Manetho: 609 fgm. 8, 76 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 76]; Demetr.[?]: 722 fgm. 7; Ar. 10, 9) 1J 3:12; Rv 6:4. Pass. (Hdt. 5, 5) 5:9; 6:9; 18:24.”
15 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
16 tn Grk “until they had been completed.” The idea of a certain “number” of people is implied by the subject of πληρωθῶσιν (plhrwqwsin).
17 tn Though σύνδουλος (sundoulos) has been translated “fellow servant,” the word does not bear the connotation of a free individual serving another. See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
22 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
23 tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).
24 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.
25 tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).
29 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present here.
30 tn Or “desert.”
31 tn The word “God” is supplied based on the previous statements made concerning “the place prepared for the woman” in 12:6.
32 tc The reading “and half a time” (καὶ ἥμισυ καιροῦ, kai {hmisu kairou) is lacking in the important uncial C. Its inclusion, however, is supported by {Ì47 א A and the rest of the ms tradition}. There is apparently no reason for the scribe of C to intentionally omit the phrase, and the fact that the word “time” (καιρὸν καὶ καιρούς, kairon kai kairou") appears twice before may indicate a scribal oversight.
36 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
37 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
38 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
43 tn Or “forced”; Grk “makes” (ποιεῖ, poiei).
44 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
50 tn Grk “and that no one be able to buy or sell.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation. Although the ἵνα (Jina) is left untranslated, the English conjunction “thus” is used to indicate that this is a result clause.
51 tn The word “things” is not in the Greek text, but is implied. Direct objects were frequently omitted in Greek when clear from the context. In the context of buying and selling, food could be primarily in view, but the more general “things” was used in the translation because the context is not specific.
52 tn Grk “except the one who had.”
53 tn Grk “his name or the number of his name.”
57 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
58 tn Grk “the sixth”; the referent (the sixth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
59 tn Grk “and its water was dried up.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
60 tn Grk “in order that the way might be prepared.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
61 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12; simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
64 tn The ἵνα (Jina) clause, insofar as it is related to the first imperative, has the force of an imperative.
65 tn The idea of eating “your fill” is evident in the context with the use of χορτάζω (cortazw) in v. 21.
66 tn Grk “chiliarchs”; normally a chiliarch was a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).
67 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
71 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the angel introduced in v. 1) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
72 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
73 tn Or “and shut.” While the lexical force of the term is closer to “shut,” it is acceptable to render the verb ἔκλεισεν (ekleisen) as “locked” here in view of the mention of the key in the previous verse.
78 tn Grk “so that there will be to them authority over the tree of life.”