“You are just 12 – the one who is and who was,
the Holy One – because you have passed these judgments, 13
1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.
2 tn Grk “is called,” but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.
3 sn Wormwood refers to a particularly bitter herb with medicinal value. According to L&N 3.21, “The English term wormwood is derived from the use of the plant as a medicine to kill intestinal worms.” This remark about the star’s name is parenthetical in nature.
4 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.
5 tn That is, terribly bitter (see the note on “Wormwood” earlier in this verse).
6 tn Grk “and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter.”
7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
8 sn The winepress was stomped. See Isa 63:3, where Messiah does this alone (usually several individuals would join in the process).
9 tn L&N 6.7 states, “In Re 14:20 the reference to a bit and bridle is merely an indication of measurement, that is to say, the height of the bit and bridle from the ground, and one may reinterpret this measurement as ‘about a meter and a half’ or ‘about five feet.’”
10 tn Grk “1,600 stades.” A stade was a measure of length about 607 ft (185 m). Thus the distance here would be 184 mi or 296 km.
13 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the remarks that follow.
14 tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.
15 tn Or “because you have judged these things.” The pronoun ταῦτα (tauta) is neuter gender.
19 tn This is the same word translated “sexual immorality” earlier in the verse, but here the qualifier “sexual” has not been repeated for stylistic reasons.