1 tn Or “a third of the living creatures in the sea”; Grk “the third of the creatures which were in the sea, the ones having life.”
2 tn On the term translated “completely destroyed,” L&N 20.40 states, “to cause the complete destruction of someone or something – ‘to destroy utterly.’ τὸ τρίτον τῶν πλοίων διεφθάρησαν ‘a third of the ships were completely destroyed’ Re 8:9.”
3 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” in keeping with the parenthetical nature of this remark.
4 tn Grk “is called,” but this is somewhat redundant in contemporary English.
5 sn Wormwood refers to a particularly bitter herb with medicinal value. According to L&N 3.21, “The English term wormwood is derived from the use of the plant as a medicine to kill intestinal worms.” This remark about the star’s name is parenthetical in nature.
6 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the star falling on the waters.
7 tn That is, terribly bitter (see the note on “Wormwood” earlier in this verse).
8 tn Grk “and many of the men died from these waters because they were bitter.”