Romans 8:30

8:30 And those he predestined, he also called; and those he called, he also justified; and those he justified, he also glorified.

Romans 9:24

9:24 even us, whom he has called, not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?

Romans 9:1

Israel’s Rejection Considered

9:1 ¹ I am telling the truth in Christ (I am not lying!), for my conscience assures me ²  in the Holy Spirit –

Romans 2:12

2:12 For all who have sinned apart from the law ³  will also perish apart from the law, and all who have sinned under the law will be judged by the law.

Romans 2:2

2:2 Now we know that God’s judgment is in accordance with truth ⁴  against those who practice such things.

Romans 2:13-14

2:13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous before God, but those who do the law will be declared righteous. ⁵  2:14 For whenever the Gentiles, ⁶  who do not have the law, do by nature ⁷  the things required by the law, ⁸  these who do not have the law are a law to themselves.

Romans 2:2

2:2 Now we know that God’s judgment is in accordance with truth ⁹  against those who practice such things.

Romans 1:9

1:9 For God, whom I serve in my spirit by preaching the gospel ¹⁰  of his Son, is my witness that ¹¹  I continually remember you

Hebrews 3:1

Jesus and Moses

3:1 Therefore, holy brothers and sisters, ¹²  partners in a heavenly calling, take note of Jesus, the apostle and high priest whom we confess, ¹³ 

Hebrews 3:1

Jesus and Moses

3:1 Therefore, holy brothers and sisters, ¹⁴  partners in a heavenly calling, take note of Jesus, the apostle and high priest whom we confess, ¹⁵ 

Hebrews 2:9

2:9 but we see Jesus, who was made lower than the angels for a little while, ¹⁶  now crowned with glory and honor because he suffered death, ¹⁷  so that by God’s grace he would experience ¹⁸  death on behalf of everyone.

Hebrews 5:10

5:10 and he was designated ¹⁹  by God as high priest in the order of Melchizedek. ²⁰ 

¹ sn Rom 9:1–11:36. These three chapters are among the most difficult and disputed in Paul’s Letter to the Romans. One area of difficulty is the relationship between Israel and the church, especially concerning the nature and extent of Israel’s election. Many different models have been constructed to express this relationship. For a representative survey, see M. Barth, The People of God (JSNTSup), 22-27. The literary genre of these three chapters has been frequently identified as a diatribe, a philosophical discussion or conversation evolved by the Cynic and Stoic schools of philosophy as a means of popularizing their ideas (E. Käsemann, Romans, 261 and 267). But other recent scholars have challenged the idea that Rom 9–11 is characterized by diatribe. Scholars like R. Scroggs and E. E. Ellis have instead identified the material in question as midrash. For a summary and discussion of the rabbinic connections, see W. R. Stegner, “Romans 9.6-29 – A Midrash,” JSNT 22 (1984): 37-52.

² tn Or “my conscience bears witness to me.”

³ sn This is the first occurrence of law (nomos) in Romans. Exactly what Paul means by the term has been the subject of much scholarly debate. According to J. A. Fitzmyer (Romans [AB], 131-35; 305-6) there are at least four different senses: (1) figurative, as a “principle”; (2) generic, meaning “a law”; (3) as a reference to the OT or some part of the OT; and (4) as a reference to the Mosaic law. This last usage constitutes the majority of Paul’s references to “law” in Romans.

⁴ tn Or “based on truth.”

⁵ tn The Greek sentence expresses this contrast more succinctly than is possible in English. Grk “For not the hearers of the law are righteous before God, but the doers of the law will be declared righteous.”

⁶ sn Gentile is a NT term for a non-Jew.

⁷ tn Some (e.g. C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans [ICC], 1:135-37) take the phrase φύσει (fusei, “by nature”) to go with the preceding “do not have the law,” thus: “the Gentiles who do not have the law by nature,” that is, by virtue of not being born Jewish.

⁸ tn Grk “do by nature the things of the law.”

⁹ tn Or “based on truth.”

¹⁰ tn Grk “whom I serve in my spirit in the gospel.”

¹¹ tn Grk “as.”

¹² tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.

¹³ tn Grk “of our confession.”

¹⁴ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 2:11.

¹⁵ tn Grk “of our confession.”

¹⁶ tn Or “who was made a little lower than the angels.”

¹⁷ tn Grk “because of the suffering of death.”

¹⁸ tn Grk “would taste.” Here the Greek verb does not mean “sample a small amount” (as a typical English reader might infer from the word “taste”), but “experience something cognitively or emotionally; come to know something” (cf. BDAG 195 s.v. γεύομαι 2).

¹⁹ tn Grk “having been designated,” continuing the thought of Heb 5:9.

²⁰ sn The phrase in the order of Melchizedek picks up the quotation from Ps 110:4 in Heb 5:6.