Romans 1:20

1:20 For since the creation of the world his invisible attributes – his eternal power and divine nature – have been clearly seen, because they are understood through what has been made. So people ¹  are without excuse.

Romans 1:24

1:24 Therefore God gave them over ²  in the desires of their hearts to impurity, to dishonor ³  their bodies among themselves. ⁴ 

Romans 1:28

1:28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, ⁵  God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. ⁶ 

Romans 2:3

2:3 And do you think, ⁷  whoever you are, when you judge ⁸  those who practice such things and yet do them yourself, ⁹  that you will escape God’s judgment?

Romans 2:16

2:16 on the day when God will judge ¹⁰  the secrets of human hearts, ¹¹  according to my gospel ¹²  through Christ Jesus.

Romans 6:23

6:23 For the payoff ¹³  of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Romans 8:32

8:32 Indeed, he who ¹⁴  did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things?

Romans 11:3

11:3 “Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have demolished your altars; I alone am left and they are seeking my life!” ¹⁵ 

Romans 12:16

12:16 Live in harmony with one another; do not be haughty but associate with the lowly. ¹⁶  Do not be conceited. ¹⁷ 

Romans 15:9

15:9 and thus the Gentiles glorify God for his mercy. ¹⁸  As it is written, “Because of this I will confess you among the Gentiles, and I will sing praises to your name.” ¹⁹ 

Romans 15:27

15:27 For they were pleased to do this, and indeed they are indebted to the Jerusalem saints. ²⁰  For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they are obligated also to minister to them in material things.

Romans 16:17

16:17 Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, ²¹  to watch out for those who create dissensions and obstacles contrary to the teaching that you learned. Avoid them!

Romans 16:26

16:26 but now is disclosed, and through the prophetic scriptures has been made known to all the nations, according to the command of the eternal God, to bring about the obedience of faith –

¹ tn Grk “they”; the referent (people) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² sn Possibly an allusion to Ps 81:12.

³ tn The genitive articular infinitive τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι (tou atimazesqai, “to dishonor”) has been taken as (1) an infinitive of purpose; (2) an infinitive of result; or (3) an epexegetical (i.e., explanatory) infinitive, expanding the previous clause.

⁴ tn Grk “among them.”

³ tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”

⁴ tn Grk “the things that are improper.”

⁴ tn Grk “do you think this,” referring to the clause in v. 3b.

⁵ tn Grk “O man, the one who judges.”

⁶ tn Grk “and do them.” The other words are supplied to bring out the contrast implied in this clause.

⁵ tn The form of the Greek word is either present or future, but it is best to translate in future because of the context of future judgment.

⁶ tn Grk “of people.”

⁷ sn On my gospel cf. Rom 16:25; 2 Tim 2:8.

⁶ tn A figurative extension of ὀψώνιον (oywnion), which refers to a soldier’s pay or wages. Here it refers to the end result of an activity, seen as something one receives back in return. In this case the activity is sin, and the translation “payoff” captures this thought. See also L&N 89.42.

⁷ tn Grk “[he] who.” The relative clause continues the question of v. 31 in a way that is awkward in English. The force of v. 32 is thus: “who indeed did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all – How will he not also with him give us all things?”

⁸ sn A quotation from 1 Kgs 19:10, 14.

⁹ tn Or “but give yourselves to menial tasks.” The translation depends on whether one takes the adjective “lowly” as masculine or neuter.

¹⁰ tn Grk “Do not be wise in your thinking.”

¹⁰ tn There are two major syntactical alternatives which are both awkward: (1) One could make “glorify” dependent on “Christ has become a minister” and coordinate with “to confirm” and the result would be rendered “Christ has become a minister of circumcision to confirm the promises…and so that the Gentiles might glorify God.” (2) One could make “glorify” dependent on “I tell you” and coordinate with “Christ has become a minister” and the result would be rendered “I tell you that Christ has become a minister of circumcision…and that the Gentiles glorify God.” The second rendering is preferred.

¹¹ sn A quotation from Ps 18:49.

¹¹ tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the Jerusalem saints) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹² tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.