Romans 1:25

1:25 They ¹  exchanged the truth of God for a lie ²  and worshiped and served the creation ³  rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.

Romans 2:1

The Condemnation of the Moralist

2:1 ⁴ Therefore ⁵  you are without excuse, ⁶  whoever you are, ⁷  when you judge someone else. ⁸  For on whatever grounds ⁹  you judge another, you condemn yourself, because you who judge practice the same things.

Romans 3:26

3:26 This was ¹⁰  also to demonstrate ¹¹  his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just ¹²  and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. ¹³ 

Romans 5:12

The Amplification of Justification

5:12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people ¹⁴  because ¹⁵  all sinned –

Romans 6:4

6:4 Therefore we have been buried with him through baptism into death, in order that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too may live a new life. ¹⁶ 

Romans 8:3

8:3 For God achieved what the law could not do because ¹⁷  it was weakened through the flesh. By sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and concerning sin, he condemned sin in the flesh,

Romans 8:11

8:11 Moreover if the Spirit of the one ¹⁸  who raised Jesus from the dead lives in you, the one who raised Christ ¹⁹  from the dead will also make your mortal bodies alive through his Spirit who lives in you. ²⁰ 

Romans 11:2

11:2 God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew! Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel?

Romans 13:9

13:9 For the commandments, ²¹  “Do not commit adultery, do not murder, do not steal, do not covet,” ²²  (and if there is any other commandment) are summed up in this, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” ²³ 

Romans 15:30

15:30 Now I urge you, brothers and sisters, ²⁴  through our Lord Jesus Christ and through the love of the Spirit, to join fervently with me in prayer to God on my behalf.

¹ tn Grk “who.” The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

² tn Grk “the lie.”

³ tn Or “creature, created things.”

⁴ sn Rom 2:1-29 presents unusual difficulties for the interpreter. There have been several major approaches to the chapter and the group(s) it refers to: (1) Rom 2:14 refers to Gentile Christians, not Gentiles who obey the Jewish law. (2) Paul in Rom 2 is presenting a hypothetical viewpoint: If anyone could obey the law, that person would be justified, but no one can. (3) The reference to “the ones who do the law” in 2:13 are those who “do” the law in the right way, on the basis of faith, not according to Jewish legalism. (4) Rom 2:13 only speaks about Christians being judged in the future, along with such texts as Rom 14:10 and 2 Cor 5:10. (5) Paul’s material in Rom 2 is drawn heavily from Diaspora Judaism, so that the treatment of the law presented here cannot be harmonized with other things Paul says about the law elsewhere (E. P. Sanders, Paul, the Law, and the Jewish People, 123); another who sees Rom 2 as an example of Paul’s inconsistency in his treatment of the law is H. Räisänen, Paul and the Law [WUNT], 101-9. (6) The list of blessings and curses in Deut 27–30 provide the background for Rom 2; the Gentiles of 2:14 are Gentile Christians, but the condemnation of Jews in 2:17-24 addresses the failure of Jews as a nation to keep the law as a whole (A. Ito, “Romans 2: A Deuteronomistic Reading,” JSNT 59 [1995]: 21-37).

⁵ tn Some interpreters (e.g., C. K. Barrett, Romans [HNTC], 43) connect the inferential Διό (dio, “therefore”) with 1:32a, treating 1:32b as a parenthetical comment by Paul.

⁶ tn That is, “you have nothing to say in your own defense” (so translated by TCNT).

⁷ tn Grk “O man.”

⁸ tn Grk “Therefore, you are without excuse, O man, everyone [of you] who judges.”

⁹ tn Grk “in/by (that) which.”

⁷ tn The words “This was” have been repeated from the previous verse to clarify that this is a continuation of that thought. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

⁸ tn Grk “toward a demonstration,” repeating and expanding the purpose of God’s action in v. 25a.

⁹ tn Or “righteous.”

¹⁰ tn Or “of the one who has faith in Jesus.” See note on “faithfulness of Jesus Christ” in v. 22 for the rationale behind the translation “Jesus’ faithfulness.”

¹⁰ tn Here ἀνθρώπους (anqrwpou") has been translated as a generic (“people”) since both men and women are clearly intended in this context.

¹¹ tn The translation of the phrase ἐφ᾿ ᾧ (ef Jw) has been heavily debated. For a discussion of all the possibilities, see C. E. B. Cranfield, “On Some of the Problems in the Interpretation of Romans 5.12,” SJT 22 (1969): 324-41. Only a few of the major options can be mentioned here: (1) the phrase can be taken as a relative clause in which the pronoun refers to Adam, “death spread to all people in whom [Adam] all sinned.” (2) The phrase can be taken with consecutive (resultative) force, meaning “death spread to all people with the result that all sinned.” (3) Others take the phrase as causal in force: “death spread to all people because all sinned.”

¹³ tn Grk “may walk in newness of life,” in which ζωῆς (zwhs) functions as an attributed genitive (see ExSyn 89-90, where this verse is given as a prime example).

¹⁶ tn Grk “in that.”

¹⁹ sn The one who raised Jesus from the dead refers to God (also in the following clause).

²⁰ tc Several mss read ᾿Ιησοῦν (Ihsoun, “Jesus”) after Χριστόν (Criston, “Christ”; א* A D* 630 1506 1739 1881 pc bo); C 81 104 lat have ᾿Ιησοῦν Χριστόν. The shorter reading is more likely to be original, though, both because of external evidence (א² B D² F G Ψ 33 Ï sa) and internal evidence (scribes were much more likely to add the name “Jesus” if it were lacking than to remove it if it were already present in the text, especially to harmonize with the earlier mention of Jesus in the verse).

²¹ tc Most mss (B D F G Ψ 33 1739 1881 Ï lat) have διά (dia) followed by the accusative: “because of his Spirit who lives in you.” The genitive “through his Spirit” is supported by א A C⁽*⁾ 81 104 1505 1506 al, and is slightly preferred.

²² tn Grk “For the…” (with the word “commandments” supplied for clarity). The Greek article (“the”) is used here as a substantiver to introduce the commands that are quoted from the second half of the Decalogue (ExSyn 238).

²³ sn A quotation from Exod 20:13-15, 17; Deut 5:17-19, 21.

²⁴ sn A quotation from Lev 19:18.

²⁵ tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.