1:28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God, 4 God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done. 5 1:29 They are filled 6 with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with 7 envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 1:30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 1:31 senseless, covenant-breakers, 8 heartless, ruthless. 1:32 Although they fully know 9 God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die, 10 they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them. 11
1 tn Grk “likewise so also the males abandoning the natural function of the female.”
2 tn Grk “burned with intense desire” (L&N 25.16).
3 tn Grk “another, men committing…and receiving,” continuing the description of their deeds. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
4 tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”
5 tn Grk “the things that are improper.”
6 tn Grk “being filled” or “having been filled,” referring to those described in v. 28. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
7 tn Grk “malice, full of,” continuing the description. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
8 tn Or “promise-breakers.”
9 tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
10 tn Grk “are worthy of death.”
11 sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.