Romans 1:3

1:3 concerning his Son who was a descendant ¹  of David with reference to the flesh, ² 

Romans 4:1

The Illustration of Justification

4:1 What then shall we say that Abraham, our ancestor according to the flesh, ³  has discovered regarding this matter? ⁴ 

Romans 8:6

8:6 For the outlook ⁵  of the flesh is death, but the outlook of the Spirit is life and peace,

Romans 8:8

8:8 Those who are in the flesh cannot please God.

Romans 11:14

11:14 if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy and save some of them.

¹ tn Grk “born of the seed” (an idiom).

² tn Grk “according to the flesh,” indicating Jesus’ earthly life, a reference to its weakness. This phrase implies that Jesus was more than human; otherwise it would have been sufficient to say that he was a descendant of David, cf. L. Morris, Romans, 44.

³ tn Or “according to natural descent” (BDAG 916 s.v. σάρξ 4).

⁴ tn Grk “has found?”

⁵ tn Or “mindset,” “way of thinking” (twice in this verse and once in v. 7). The Greek term φρόνημα does not refer to one’s mind, but to one’s outlook or mindset.