“God gave them a spirit of stupor,
eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear,
to this very day.” 2
11:9 And David says,
“Let their table become a snare and trap,
a stumbling block and a retribution for them;
11:10 let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see,
and make their backs bend continually.” 3
11:11 I ask then, they did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, 4 did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel 5 jealous. 11:12 Now if their transgression means riches for the world and their defeat means riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their full restoration 6 bring?
11:13 Now I am speaking to you Gentiles. Seeing that I am an apostle to the Gentiles, I magnify my ministry, 11:14 if somehow I could provoke my people to jealousy and save some of them. 11:15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 11:16 If the first portion 7 of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy, and if the root is holy, so too are the branches. 8
11:17 Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in 9 the richness of the olive root, 11:18 do not boast over the branches. But if you boast, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you. 11:19 Then you will say, “The branches were broken off so that I could be grafted in.” 11:20 Granted! 10 They were broken off because of their unbelief, but you stand by faith. Do not be arrogant, but fear! 11:21 For if God did not spare the natural branches, perhaps he will not spare you. 11:22 Notice therefore the kindness and harshness of God – harshness toward those who have fallen, but 11 God’s kindness toward you, provided you continue in his kindness; 12 otherwise you also will be cut off. 11:23 And even they – if they do not continue in their unbelief – will be grafted in, for God is able to graft them in again. 11:24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and grafted, contrary to nature, into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these natural branches be grafted back into their own olive tree?
11:25 For I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, 13 so that you may not be conceited: A partial hardening has happened to Israel 14 until the full number 15 of the Gentiles has come in. 11:26 And so 16 all Israel will be saved, as it is written:
“The Deliverer will come out of Zion;
he will remove ungodliness from Jacob.
11:27 And this is my covenant with them, 17
when I take away their sins.” 18
11:28 In regard to the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but in regard to election they are dearly loved for the sake of the fathers.
1 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
2 sn A quotation from Deut 29:4; Isa 29:10.
3 sn A quotation from Ps 69:22-23.
4 tn Grk “that they might fall.”
5 tn Grk “them”; the referent (Israel, cf. 11:7) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
6 tn Or “full inclusion”; Grk “their fullness.”
7 tn Grk “firstfruits,” a term for the first part of something that has been set aside and offered to God before the remainder can be used.
8 sn Most interpreters see Paul as making use of a long-standing metaphor of the olive tree (the root…the branches) as a symbol for Israel. See, in this regard, Jer 11:16, 19. A. T. Hanson, Studies in Paul’s Technique and Theology, 121-24, cites rabbinic use of the figure of the olive tree, and goes so far as to argue that Rom 11:17-24 is a midrash on Jer 11:16-19.
9 tn Grk “became a participant of.”
10 tn Grk “well!”, an adverb used to affirm a statement. It means “very well,” “you are correct.”
11 tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.
12 tn Grk “if you continue in (the) kindness.”
13 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
14 tn Or “Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in.”
15 tn Grk “fullness.”
16 tn It is not clear whether the phrase καὶ οὕτως (kai Joutws, “and so”) is to be understood in a modal sense (“and in this way”) or in a temporal sense (“and in the end”). Neither interpretation is conclusive from a grammatical standpoint, and in fact the two may not be mutually exclusive. Some, like H. Hübner, who argue strongly against the temporal reading, nevertheless continue to give the phrase a temporal significance, saying that God will save all Israel in the end (Gottes Ich und Israel [FRLANT], 118).
17 sn A quotation from Isa 59:20-21.
18 sn A quotation from Isa 27:9; Jer 31:33-34.