Romans 4:18

4:18 Against hope Abraham ¹  believed ²  in hope with the result that he became the father of many nations ³  according to the pronouncement, ⁴  “so will your descendants be.” ⁵ 

Romans 5:10

5:10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life?

Romans 5:16

5:16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. ⁶  For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, ⁷  led to condemnation, but ⁸  the gracious gift from the many failures ⁹  led to justification.

Romans 8:29

8:29 because those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son ¹⁰  would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters. ¹¹ 

Romans 9:22

9:22 But what if God, willing to demonstrate his wrath and to make known his power, has endured with much patience the objects ¹²  of wrath ¹³  prepared for destruction? ¹⁴ 

Romans 16:12

16:12 Greet Tryphena ¹⁵  and Tryphosa, laborers in the Lord. Greet my dear friend ¹⁶  Persis, who has worked hard in the Lord.

¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Abraham) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

² tn Grk “who against hope believed,” referring to Abraham. The relative pronoun was converted to a personal pronoun and, because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.

³ sn A quotation from Gen 17:5.

⁴ tn Grk “according to that which had been spoken.”

⁵ sn A quotation from Gen 15:5.

⁶ tn Grk “and not as through the one who sinned [is] the gift.”

⁷ tn The word “transgression” is not in the Greek text at this point, but has been supplied for clarity.

⁸ tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.

⁹ tn Or “falls, trespasses,” the same word used in vv. 15, 17, 18, 20.

¹¹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (God’s Son) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

¹² tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.

¹⁶ tn Grk “vessels.” This is the same Greek word used in v. 21.

¹⁷ tn Or “vessels destined for wrath.” The genitive ὀργῆς (orghs) could be taken as a genitive of destination.

¹⁸ tn Or possibly “objects of wrath that have fit themselves for destruction.” The form of the participle could be taken either as a passive or middle (reflexive). ExSyn 417-18 argues strongly for the passive sense (which is followed in the translation), stating that “the middle view has little to commend it.” First, καταρτίζω (katartizw) is nowhere else used in the NT as a direct or reflexive middle (a usage which, in any event, is quite rare in the NT). Second, the lexical force of this verb, coupled with the perfect tense, suggests something of a “done deal” (against some commentaries that see these vessels as ready for destruction yet still able to avert disaster). Third, the potter-clay motif seems to have one point: The potter prepares the clay.

²¹ sn The spelling Tryphena is also used by NIV, NKJV, NLT; the name is alternately spelled Tryphaena (NASB, NRSV).

²² tn Grk “Greet the beloved.”